Abstract: Peanut vine was used as material to study its anaerobic fermentation biogas potential .The results showed that the potential of biogas fermentation of peanut vine was up to 0.349 m3/KgTS. By using orthogonal test method, its optimization of process parameters was studied. The results showed that fermentation temperature, total solids concentration , pH value had different impacts on the biogas fermentation. Among all the parameters, fermentation temperature and total solids concentration significantly influenced the biogas yield and methane production. The optimum process conditions were as follows: fermentation temperature was 35℃, the total solids concentration was 20%, pH was 7.5, proportion of inoculation was 1:1. Moreover, the rate of biogas was improved significantly by adding a certain percentage of cow dung. It provided important value for the biogas fermentation of peanut vine.