设施园艺中的土壤生态问题及清洁生产对策

    Soil ecological problem and its resolvent in greenhouse horticulture

    • 摘要: 中国设施园艺面积发展迅速,已成为高产高效农业的重要模式。但是设施园艺经过近30年的实践,也出现了一些值得重视的生态问题。该文主要对土壤次生盐渍化和酸化、土壤营养失衡、设施内的连作障碍严重、设施蔬菜硝酸盐含量超标等问题及产生原因进行了系统地分析。针对存在的问题,从科学合理施肥、高效节水灌溉、多途径连作障碍防治以及病虫害综合防治技术等方面,提出了设施园艺的清洁生产技术对策。

       

      Abstract: Greenhouse horticulture developed very quickly in China, and it has been an important model of high production and high economic return of agriculture. But with the more than 30 years practice of greenhuose cultivation, some serious ecological problems emerged, including soil secondary salinization, unbalance of N, P, K nutrient, obstacles of continuous cropping, exceeding criterion of nitrate content and so on. According to these problems, the clean production strategy was put forward, such as applying fertilizer scientifically and balanced according to the soil fertility and crop requirement, adopting high efficient water resource utilization technique e.g. drip irrigation of nutrient liquid, using rotation, grafting and organic substrate soilless culture technique to prevent continuous cropping obstacle, and to adopt integrating management technology of combining agronomic, physical and chemical method to prevent and cure plant disease and pest insect.

       

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