Abstract: In order to manufacture an automatic directional transport feeding device for 6PYL-305-type fish splitting machine, a device to set the freshwater fishes’ heads and backs in the desired direction was designed, and silver carp was taken as the research object. Based on the friction properties of silver carp, the mechanism of using the tilt vibration plate to set the freshwater fishes’ heads forward and the gradient slide to set the freshwater fishes’ backs up were theoretically discussed, and the experiment of directional transport for fresh silver carp of 0.75-1.0 kg was carried out. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results showed that this device could set the freshwater fishes’ heads and backs in the desired direction. The factors affecting heads forward setting of fishes such as the original orientation of the fish on the vibration plate, vibration frequency, excitation force of the motor, and inclination angle of the plate surface, and the factors affecting backs up setting of fishes including the angle of the gradient slide, vibration frequency, excitation force of the motor and the inclination angle of the plate surface were studied. The results showed that each factors had a significant impact on the directional time-consuming. The total success rate of heads forward setting of fishes was 97.53%, and setting time was within 0.65-3.75s. The success rate of backs up setting of fishes was 97.2%, and the setting time was within 0.65-3.75 s. The results can provide technology references for designing of feeding machine which can be used in continuous processing of freshwater fishes.