Abstract: A plot experiment was conducted to explore regulated deficit irrigation effects of winter wheat under different fertilization treatments: no fertilizer (F0), compound fertilizer (F1) and fertilizer + compound fertilizer (F2), and with appropriate water deficit treatment at the returning green-jointing stage. The results showed that water deficit at the returning green-jointing stage had no significant effect on photosynthesis of winter wheat under F2 condition, F2 had super-compensation effect in photosynthesis after re-watering, compared to F0 and F1 treatments. At anthesis stage, there were no significant differences on leaf area, plant height, dry matter mass per shoot and spike number between regulated deficit irrigation and well-watered wheat under F2 condition. Under well-water condition after heading stage, water deficit treatment at returning green-jointing stage had no significant effect on grain yield of wheat with F2, but significantly reduced grain yields of wheat under F0 and F1 conditions; under the progressive soil dying condition after heading, water deficit treatment at returning green-jointing improved grain yield of wheat under F2 condition, and yield stability of regulated deficit irrigation wheat with F2 was higher than those with F0 and F1. It is suggested that the fertilizer + compound fertilizer treatment has optimal regulated deficit irrigation effect for winter wheat.