添加物对土壤中内燃机润滑油降解过程影响的试验研究

    Experiment research on effect of different additives on degradation process of engine lubricating oil in soil

    • 摘要: 为了寻求混入土壤中内燃机润滑油快速降解的途径,采用室内土壤试验方法模拟了不同土壤添加物对内燃机润滑油降解过程的影响。试验在一般土壤中混入5%内燃机润滑油模拟土壤污染情况,按不同处理方式组成A、B、C和D 4种试样,A试样为不加入内燃机润滑油和任何试剂及营养成分的空白试样,B试样在土壤中加入5%内燃机润滑油成为外观呈均匀状态的润滑油土壤混合物(以下简称油土),C试样在油土中加入12 g尿素和8 g过磷酸钙,D试样在油土中加入12?g尿素、8?g过磷酸钙和4?mL菌液。然后将试样在一定条件下放置,并定期测定和计算润滑油的降解量,得到土壤中润滑油降解率随时间的变化情况。结果表明,C试样经历36 d后内燃机润滑油的降解率达10.6%,比B试样的降解率提高35.9%;D试样经历27?d后润滑油的降解率可达13.9%,比B试样的降解率提高77.2%,比C试样的提高31.1%。总体而言,在被内燃机润滑油污染的土壤中添加一定量的尿素、过磷酸钙以及适宜的细菌,有利于加快土壤中内燃机润滑油的降解,但在一定时期内的降解率也是有限的。该文为润滑油快速降解提供途径。

       

      Abstract: To seek out ways to rapidly degrade the engine lubricating oil in the soil, the experiment on effect of different soil additives on degeneration process for engine lubricating oil were conducted in laboratory by the soil experimental method. The general soil was mixed with 5% engine lubricating oil to simulate the conditions of polluted soil. The test sample were divided into A B C and D group by different treatment way: A group was simple soil, which did not mixed up with engine lubricating oil and anything else; B group was the admixture of oil and soil, that was called oil soil, which was mixed up with 5% engine lubricating oil in the soil; C group was the admixture of oil soil, urea and calcium phosphate monobasic, which was commixed 12 g urea and 8 g calcium phosphate monobasic in the oil soil; D group was the admixture of oil soil, urea, calcium phosphate monobasic, and bacterium liquid, which was commixed 4 mL bacterium liquid in test sample C. Then, the experiment specimen soil was laid in the same condition, and the amount of degradation was measured timely to get the relationship of the degradation with the time. Results showed that degeneration rate of the engine lubricating oil in the test sample C was 10.6% after 36 days and improved by 35.9% compared with B; the degeneration rate of the test sample D was 13.9% after 27 days, and improved by 77.2% compared with B, and also improved by 31.1% with C. Generally, adding some urea, calcium phosphate monobasic, and suitable bacterium into the oil soil was advantageous in speeding up the degeneration of the engine lubricating oil, but the degeneration rate was little and limited in a given period. This research offers a way for degrading engine lubricating oil rapidly in soil.

       

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