Abstract: In order to research the effect of inter-provincial distribution scheme of new construction land compensation fee by the central government（CGNCOCF）on land consolidation under different goals of fund allocation, based on analysis of the allocation and using objective of new construction land compensation fee (NCOCF), the inter-provincial distribution scheme of new construction land compensation fee by the central government was optimized. A BP neural network model was built to reflect the relationship between the distribution amount of CGNCOCF and dynamic change of land consolidation efficiency, and land consolidation expected efficiency under the different allocation scheme of CGNCOCF was simulated. The results showed that the related factors had significant effect on the allocation efficiency of CGNCOCF at different allocation goals, and selection of the factors and determination of weights should be set up flexibly according to the different allocation targets. The main conclusions of this paper were that at the same distribution target of CPNCOCF , the social benefit was the highest among the land consolidation efficiencies that the CGNCOCF generated, economic benefit was the higher，and the ecological benefit was the lowest. The excepted benefits of allocation scheme of CGNCOCF arranged from high to low as: the comprehensive efficiency goals, land use efficiency targets, and cultivated land protection objective, resource allocation and fair target. The distribution of the fee under comprehensive efficiency targets was the optimal scheme. The land consolidation benefits of each province were different according to different distribution target of CGNCOCF and benefits of land consolidation target, but overall the growth ratio of benefit value was higher compared to reality after optimizing, which showed that the land consolidation benefits increased after the optimization of CGNCOCF.