Abstract: In order to strengthen risk assessment and management of the agricultural flood and drought disaster, the flood and drought disaster in Henan province was evaluated in this study with the information diffusion model and risk rank division, and then flood and drought disaster possibilities at different levels, as well as the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution were obtained. The results showed that the risk probability of floods and drought disaster of Henan province were all larger, and the risk probability, risk rank, disaster forming area was larger than that of flood. The risk probability of floods increased from northwest to southeast at spatial-temporal distribution. The higher risk of floods was in west and north of Henan province, and the lower risk of floods was in east and south of Henan province, especially in Huang Huai area. The drought risk was more serious in west and south than that in east and north of Henan province. The lower disk of drought was in Anyang, Xinxiang and Puyang city and higher disk of drought was in west and south of Henan province. The study provides a basis for promotion strategic position of grain core area and disaster prevention in Henan province.