猪、牛粪厌氧发酵中氮素形态转化及其在沼液和沼渣中的分布

    Distribution of nitrogen in liquid and solid fraction of pig and dairy manure in anaerobic digestion reactor

    • 摘要: 了解厌氧发酵过程中畜禽粪便氮素的形态转化及其在沼液和沼渣中的分布,是沼液和沼渣有效处理及合理利用的理论基础和前提条件。该研究以猪粪和牛粪为原料,在中温((37±2)℃)条件下采用连续搅拌反应器进行厌氧发酵,分析此过程中氮素形态转化及在固相和液相的分配。研究结果表明:厌氧发酵130 d后,猪粪和牛粪氮素损失率分别为12.2%和11.5%。猪粪和牛粪沼渣(即出料的固体与残留在反应器内固体的总和)中的氮量分别为进料总氮量的61.9%和72.7%。发酵后的出料中,猪粪的氮量在液相中增加了约10.7%,在固相中降低了约28.0%;而牛粪的氮量在液相中降低了约8.7%,在固相中增加了约2.8%。猪粪和牛粪发酵出料中NH4+-N质量的增幅分别达162.2%和90.0%,占总氮量的43.3%和30.5%;而NO3--N质量分别降低了约50.0%和45.2%,不足总氮量的1%。猪粪发酵后残留在反应器中的沼渣干质量远大于牛粪,运行过程中需定期排渣。

       

      Abstract: It is important to understand the forms and distribution characteristics of nitrogen during the anaerobic digestion of animal manure slurry, which would provide theoretical principle and precondition for the treatment and utilization of digested slurry and solid residue. The objective of the study was to analyze the distribution of nitrogen in liquid and solid fraction in digested pig and dairy manure using the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) at condition of medium temperature (37±2)℃. Results showed that the nitrogen loss rates were 12.2% and 11.5% in bioreactors digested with pig and dairy manure slurries, respectively. The percentages of nitrogen content in total solid fraction of digested pig manure and dairy slurries and residues remained in reactors were 61.9% and 72.7%, respectively at the end of experiment. The nitrogen content in liquid fraction of digested pig manure increased by 10.7% and decreased by 28.0% in solid fraction. However, the nitrogen content in liquid fraction of digested pig manure decreased by 8.7% and only increased by 2.8% in solid fraction. The increase rate of NH4+-N reached to 162.2% and 90.0%, respectively after the digestion of pig and dairy manure, which were 43.3% and 30.5% of total nitrogen. The NO3--N content was decreased by about 50.0% and 45.2%, respectively after the digestion of pig and dairy manure, which were less than 1% of total nitrogen. The dry weight in solid residue of pig manure was significantly higher than that in dairy manure, so regular residue handling was needed during the anaerobic digestion of pig manure compared to dairy manure.

       

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