滴灌施肥技术对生姜产量及水肥利用率的影响

    Effect of drip fertigation on yield, water and fertilizer utilization in ginger

    • 摘要: 为提高生姜产量和水肥利用效率,该文以‘莱芜大姜’为试材,研究了常规沟灌不施肥(CK0)、常规沟灌施肥(CK)、滴灌等量施肥(T1)及滴灌减量施肥20%(T2)等不同灌溉施肥方式对生姜生长及水分和氮磷钾利用率的影响。结果表明,滴灌施肥有利于生姜植株各器官的平衡生长,虽然生物产量与常规沟灌施肥无显著差异,但T1、T2的根茎经济产量分别比CK提高17.94%和15.78%。T1、T2的氮钾吸收量分别比CK增加12.54%、13.53%和6.09%、7.01%,而磷素吸收量T1、T2与CK间无显著差异;T1、T2的氮磷钾利用率分别比CK提高19.85%、12.38%、19.66%和37.06%、30.66%、37.76%;T1、T2的灌溉水利用效率分别比CK提高112.71%和110.64%。表明滴灌施肥处理可显著提高生姜根茎产量、氮磷钾的吸收量和利用率以及水分的利用率。

       

      Abstract: In order to increase yield and the utilization for water and fertilizer, the effects of different irrigation styles such as conventional irrigation without fertilization (CK0), conventional irrigation and fertilization (CK), drip fertigation (T1) and 20% reduction of fertilizer in drip fertigation (T2) on the growth as well as water and NPK utilization were analyzed in the cultivar ‘Laiwu large ginger’. Compared with CK, the economical yield of ginger increased by 17.94% and 15.78%, respectively, but the biological yield of ginger in T1, T2, CK did not show significant difference. Although the absorptions of P2O5 were not significantly different among T1, T2 and CK, the absorption of N, K2O in T1, T2 increased by 12.54%, 6.09% and 13.53%, 7.01% over CK, respectively. In addition, the utilization rates of N, P2O5, K2O increased by 19.85%, 12.38%, 19.66% and 37.06%, 30.66%, 37.76%, respectively, in T1, T2 compared with CK. Meanwhile, irrigation water use efficiency increased by 112.71% and 110.64%, respectively, in T1 and T2 compared with CK. The results indicated that drip fertilization favors the balanced growth of various organs of ginger. Therefore, the drip fertigation can noticeably improve the yield, the uptake and utilization rates of NPK and water use efficiency in ginger.

       

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