玉米精量播种机同位仿形半低位投种单体设计与试验

    Design and experiment of collocated-copying and semi-low-height planting-unit for corn precision seeder

    • 摘要: 摘要:针对目前玉米精量播种机无法同时实现同位仿形和低位投种,导致行、株距均匀性差、播深不能精确控制的问题,该文设计了一种同位仿形半地位投种单体,在实现同位仿形的同时将投种高度降低了120~160 mm(与常规的具有同位仿形功能的玉米精量播种机相比)。分析并确定了仿形轮直径及其支臂长度、仿形轮挡块长度和倾角等关键部件的结构参数,使得播深有较大的调节范围,最小播深为40 mm,最大播深为90 mm,能满足大多数情况的播种需求。田间试验表明,该单体能很好地实现玉米的精量播种,其粒距合格指数为94.8%、重播指数2.9%、漏播指数2.3%、粒距变异系数15.1%、播深一致性系数88.3%,明显优于常规的高位投种单体的性能指标。

       

      Abstract: Aiming at the problem of poor uniformity of row spacing, seed spacing and planting depth caused by traditional planting units which couldn't meet the needs of collocated-copying and low planting height simultaneously, a new type of planting unit was designed. Compared with traditional planting units with planting height of 400-440 mm, the planting height of the new unit was only 280 mm and at the same time the planting-unit had the function of collocated-copying. The configuration parameters of crucial components, such as the diameter of copying wheel, the length of copying wheel bracket, the length and tilt angle of anti-block of copying wheel, and etc, were analyzed and determined. The minimum and maximum planting depth was 40 and 90 mm, respectively. So the planting-unit had a greater adjustment range of planting depth and could meet the needs of precision planting in most cases. Field experimental results indicated that the new designed unit could accomplish corn precision planting, and the qualified index of seed spacing, reseeding index, miss planting index, coefficient of variation of spacing and uniformity of planting depth were 94.8%, 2.9%, 2.3%, 15.1% and 88.3% respectively, and all of which were obviously better than the corresponding indexes of the traditional planting unit with high planting height.

       

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