Abstract: Abstract: As a kind of typical natural biological material, mammalian teeth have formed the optimized geometry with excellent mechanical properties after a long period of evolution, and have occupies an important position in the field of engineering bionics. Biological tribology is a new cross subject, which involves extensively, such as medicine, materials science, biology, tribology, mechanics, and is mainly divided into 2 categories i.e. human biological tribology and bionic tribology. Teeth tribology is a branch of biological tribology. The study object of modern tooth tribology is divided into 2 major categories i.e. human and animal. The research of human tooth friction is mainly concentrated in the medical field. The main purpose of the research is to master the mechanism of the friction and wear, minimize the irreversible damage of the tooth in the occlusion process and service human oral health. The research and application of animal tooth friction is mainly in engineering field, and a series of studies have been carried out in recent years. Studies on mechanical properties of the mammalian teeth mainly use nano-mechanics test and Vickers hardness test. Taking the teeth of dogs, pigs and deer as the research objects, the friction and wear behavior of the 3 different animal teeth was investigated systematically in this paper. The wear resistance of the 3 teeth surfaces was estimated by a wear tester and a roughness tester. The structure of different worn surfaces was characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mechanical properties such as hardness and elastic modulus were also evaluated by using a nano-test apparatus. Hardness is the ability of material to resist the pressure of hard objects onto its surface, which is the inherent property of the material, and the tribology properties of materials depend on its hardness to a certain extent. Research results showed that wear debris peeling off from the surface of dog enamel was serious. The surface was attached with a lot of fine abrasive particles and had obvious cracking phenomenon. The wear volume was 1.91×107 μm3. The surface of pig enamel showed mainly wear debris peeling, and the wear volume was 1.56×107 μm3. Compared with the pig teeth, the worn surface of the deer teeth enamel also showed wear debris peeling, but the wear degree was lower, and the wear volume was 1.39×107 μm3. The results also showed that the friction and wear properties of different teeth were closely related with hardness. The wear resistance, hardness and elastic modulus of deer tooth enamel were the largest, and that of dog tooth enamel was the smallest. The higher the hardness of enamel, the better the wear resistance, the less the wear debris, and the smaller the enamel wear. The larger the elastic modulus of enamel, the smaller the wear volume. Compared with dog molars and pig molars, deer molars have good characteristics on the tribology properties and mechanical properties, which illustrates that the tooth abrasion resistance of herbivore molars is better than that of predator and omnivore. This paper reveals the relationship between the abrasion resistance and the nano-hardness and elastic modulus of 3 animals' molars, which provides the basis of experiment data and theoretical basis for the study of the tribology properties of animal teeth in the future and also provides a reference for the design of a new type of agricultural soil-contacting component with high wear resistance.