冬小麦变量施肥机控制系统的设计与试验
Design and test of control system on variable fertilizer applicator for winter wheat
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摘要: 为了实现冬小麦生长过程中的实时变量精准追肥,使用近地光谱探测技术,结合模糊PID(proportion integration differentiation,比例-积分-微分)控制技术,研究设计了适合中国大田作业的实时变量追肥机控制系统。追肥机采用轴分段式设计,开度和转速双变量调节,通过光谱传感器获取作物冠层归一化植被指数,结合追肥算法计算出当前的目标施肥量,采用测速和测距法反馈肥料流量信息,并根据追肥机实际行进速度,实时调整追肥量,实现精准变量追肥。试验结果表明,模糊PID控制具有良好的动态稳定性和跟踪性能,大田试验的结果表明,追肥机控制精度均达到90%以上,测速系统的检测绝对误差小于0.25 km/h,可以实现精准施肥的目标。该研究为变量施肥机的在线变量施肥控制提供了参考。Abstract: This variable rate fertilizer applicator based on crop canopy real-time spectral information (normalized differential vegetation index, NDVI) was designed to applicate real-time variable fertilization for the winter wheat.By real-time spectral information of crop canopy via six spectrum sensors, and speed of the tractor via velocity-measuring system, the expert system of the applicator could adjust the rate of the fertilizer according to the feedback fertilizer flow under fuzzy PID(proportion integration differentiation) controller.The experimental results indicated that the fuzzy PID had the good tracking performance and dynamic stability.The system precision could reach above 90%, and the measuring absolute error of the traveling speed was within 0.25 km/h.
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