王松磊, 弋伟国, 王彩霞, 何建国, 康宁波, 罗瑞明. 红外复合加热型连续式智能串烤机设计与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(15): 63-70. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.009
    引用本文: 王松磊, 弋伟国, 王彩霞, 何建国, 康宁波, 罗瑞明. 红外复合加热型连续式智能串烤机设计与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(15): 63-70. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.009
    Wang Songlei, Yi Weiguo, Wang Caixia, He Jianguo, Kang Ningbo, Luo Ruiming. Design and experiment of continuous intelligent skewer-roasted machine with infrared compound heating[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2019, 35(15): 63-70. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.009
    Citation: Wang Songlei, Yi Weiguo, Wang Caixia, He Jianguo, Kang Ningbo, Luo Ruiming. Design and experiment of continuous intelligent skewer-roasted machine with infrared compound heating[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2019, 35(15): 63-70. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.009

    红外复合加热型连续式智能串烤机设计与试验

    Design and experiment of continuous intelligent skewer-roasted machine with infrared compound heating

    • 摘要: 基于Android平台与ATMEGA328P嵌入式系统开发,结合温控模型及传热分析等多种技术优化研制连续型自动串烤工艺系统及设备。结合中红外与电热管复合加热及同步链输送系统,设计出能适应不同直径的自旋转插拔式串签夹持机构实现物料连续化烤制,建立烤制过程基于热量平衡原理的温度控制模型,结合自适应粒子群算法(PSO)优化神经网络PID算法实现设定参数恒温控制,利用红外热成像技术对不同功率红外烤制肉制品的传热特性、辐射穿透深度、中心截面温度分布进行分析,开发完成了Atmega328P单片机逻辑运算控制系统及Android 端触屏控制界面,并对该样机工艺系统肉制品连续烤制效果进行分析。系统试验结果表明:同步链输送系统与自旋机构结合实现连续化烤制过程,自旋转插拔式串签夹持器可适应直径2~6 mm范围串签,机构夹持力应不低于0.265 N,设备运行速度1 m/min时串签旋转速度5.3 r/min,恒温控制采用PSO优化神经网络PID模型得P=0.218 1,I=0.63,D=-0.151 9,烤制温度设定为160 ℃时上下偏差分别为2.4 与2.7 ℃,最大波动范围5.1℃;不同功率红外管烤制物料表面温度达到100 ℃左右时,2 000 W中波红外管烤制效果较好,物料辐射传热穿透层深约2 mm,内部则以热传导为主,内外温差约25 ℃;ATMEGA328P嵌入式控制系统动作准确,Android触屏控制界面操作响应灵敏;物料烤制时间最短为6 min,生产能力为1 200串/h,为工业连续化串烤生产提供技术参考。

       

      Abstract: Developed an continuous and automatic roasting process system and equipment with Android platform and ATMEGA328P embedded system through the optimization of temperature control model, heat transfer analysis and other technologies, Combined the research and development of compound heating system of infrared and electric heat pipes with conveyor system of synchronous chain, and then the process of continuous roasting was achieved by designing self-rotating skewer-roasting structure which can adapt to different diameters of skewers. Meanwhile a temperature control model based on the principle of heat balance was established for this roasting process, and the neural network PID algorithm which based on adaptive particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to achieve the setting temperature controlling. And then the heat transfer characteristics, depth of radiation penetration and temperature distribution of the central section of infrared grilled meat products with different powers by using infrared thermal imaging technology, finally completed the development of Atmega328P single-chip microcomputer logic operation control system and Android terminal touch screen control interface, and the continuous grill results of meat products got from prototype process system was analyzed. The experimental results showed that The synchronous chain conveyor system and the spin mechanism were combined to reach the continuous roasting process, the plug-pull gripper can adapt to the skewer range of 2-6 mm in diameter which clamping force should not be less than 0.265 N, the skewing-rotation speed was 5.3 r/min when the conveyor system runs was programmed at 1m/min.The initial value of the temperature control model was optimized by the adaptive mutation optimization particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and the initial weight obtained was 0.044 2 and then the parameters of P=0.218 1, I=0.63, D=0.151 9 were acquired by the PSO algorithm optimized neural network PID model which control temperature upper and lower deviation were 2.4 and 2.7 ℃ when the grilling temperature was set at 160 ℃, the maximum deviation was 5.1 ℃ of this constant temperature system. Compared with the effects of different infrared heater when the roasting samples surface temperature reaches 100 ℃, we got the best baking of 2 000 W medium-wave infrared heater and acquired the gradient temperature difference between surface to center was 25℃ from infrared thermal imaging technology, in the meantime we got the depth of radiation heat tranfer penetration in meat was about 2 mm which similar to the heater of 2 500 W, the inner part of the meat samples heat transfer was mainly by conduction,on the other hand the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the internal moisture content of the meat samples were better than the roasting effects of 1 000 and 1 500 W infrared heater. The core parts of automatic controls system was composed of embedded development system and temperature sensing module, motor driving module, bluetooth communication module,voltage self-setting module and relay control module,and the ATMEGA328P embedded control system acted accurately, and the Android touch screen control interface responsed rapidly. The shortest time of meat samples grilled by this equipment system was 6 minutes when the system power was designed to be 14 kW, and the yield of it was up to 1 200 strings/h. It provides a perfect technical reference for development of industrial and continuous skewer roasting equipments.

       

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