张艳珍,谢永康,王菲,等. 不同热源对羊肚菌干燥品质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2024,40(6):111-119. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202310229
    引用本文: 张艳珍,谢永康,王菲,等. 不同热源对羊肚菌干燥品质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2024,40(6):111-119. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202310229
    ZHANG Yanzhen, XIE Yongkang, WANG Fei, et al. Effects of different heat sources on the drying quality of Morchella[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2024, 40(6): 111-119. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202310229
    Citation: ZHANG Yanzhen, XIE Yongkang, WANG Fei, et al. Effects of different heat sources on the drying quality of Morchella[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2024, 40(6): 111-119. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202310229

    不同热源对羊肚菌干燥品质的影响

    Effects of different heat sources on the drying quality of Morchella

    • 摘要: 为确定羊肚菌最适宜的干燥方式,研究了不同温度(45、50、55 ℃)条件下的热风干燥(hot air drying,HAD)、以及50 ℃条件下的碳纤维远红外干燥(carbon fiber far-infrared drying,CFFD)、热泵干燥(heat pump drying,HPD)、碳纤维远红外联合热泵干燥(carbon fiber far-infrared combined heat pump drying,CFFD-HPD)与真空脉动干燥技术(vacuum pulsed drying,VPD)对羊肚菌干燥时间、干燥能耗、色泽、品质(复水比、质构特性、电子舌、感官评价)以及营养指标(氨基酸、蛋白质、粗多糖、脂肪含量)的影响,并对上述指标做出综合评分。结果表明:CFFD-HPD组的干燥时间最短,与HAD(55 ℃)组无显著性差异(P>0.05),与其他组差异性显著(P˂0.05)。VPD组的干燥时间最长、能耗最高,显著高于其他组(P˂0.05)。在外观品质方面,HAD(50 ℃)的L*值显著高于其他组(P˂0.05),VPD组的L*、b*值显著低于其他组(P˂0.05),a*值显著高于其他组(P˂0.05)。在感官品质方面,CFFD组的羊肚菌最终复水比最大,VPD组的最终复水比最小,复水20min 时,CFFD-HPD组的羊肚菌复水速率最高。复水后的羊肚菌HAD(55 ℃)组的弹性和咀嚼性最大,VPD组的硬度最小。对干燥后的羊肚菌进行感官评价,HAD与CFFD-HPD组的得分较高,且两者无显著性差异(P>0.05),VPD的感官评价得分最低。在营养品质方面,VPD组的总氨基酸和蛋白质含量高于其他组,但是CFFD-HPD的综合评价得分最高,其次是HAD(55 ℃)(P˂0.05),VPD的综合评价得分最低,说明CFFD-HPD与HAD(55 ℃)适合用于羊肚菌干燥。研究结果为羊肚菌干燥技术提供了数据支持。

       

      Abstract: This study aims to determine the most suitable drying for Qinghai Morchella. Fiver drying methods were selected as hot air drying (HAD) at different temperatures (45 , 50 , 55 ℃), carbon fiber far-infrared drying (CFFD), heat pump drying (HPD), carbon fiber far-infrared combined heat pump drying (CFFD-HPD), and vacuum pulse drying (VPD). A comprehensive evaluation was also performed on the drying time, drying energy consumption, color, quality (rehydration ratio, texture characteristics, e-nose electronic tongue, sensory evaluation), and nutritional indicators (amino acids, protein, crude polysaccharides, fat content) of Morchella. The research results showed that the drying time of the CFFD-HPD group was the shortest with no significant difference, compared with the HAD (55 ℃) group (P>0.05). But there was a significant difference from other groups (P˂0.05). The drying time and energy consumption of the VPD group were the highest, significantly higher than those of the rest (P˂0.05). In terms of appearance quality, the L* value of HAD (50 ℃) was higher than that of the rest (P˂0.05), whereas, the L* value of the VPD group was lower (P˂0.05), and a* was higher (P˂0.05). The Morchella shared a darker color, and redness. The highest energy was also found with a significant degree of contraction in a collapsed state. In terms of sensory quality, there was a significant difference in the rehydration ratio of Morchella under different drying methods (P˂0.05). The CFFD and VPD groups showed the highest and lowest final rehydration ratio of Morchella at the same drying temperature, respectively. After 20min rehydration, the CFFD-HPD group had the highest rehydration rate of Morchella, and the CFFD group was the lowest, the HAD (45 ℃) group had the highest hardness and viscosity, the HAD (55 ℃) group had the highest elasticity and chewiness, and the VPD group had the lowest hardness and chewiness. Sensory evaluation of dried morel showed that HAD and CFFD-HPD groups had the higher scores, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05), while VPD had the lowest sensory evaluation score. In terms of nutritional quality, the electronic tongue measurement was highly correlated with different amino acid content. The amino acid content was indirectly determined in the different types of Morchella using electronic tongue measurement. The drying method had a significant impact on the nutritional quality of Morchella esculenta (P˂0.05). The polysaccharide content of Morchella in the HAD (55 ℃) group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P ˂ 0.05), with the lowest fat content. The total amino acid and protein content of the VPD group were higher than the rest. The comprehensive evaluation score of CFFD-HPD was the highest, followed by HAD (55 ℃). The comprehensive evaluation score of VPD was the lowest, indicating that CFFD-HPD and HAD were suitable for drying Morchella. The finding can also provide the data support to introduce suitable drying techniques for Morchella.

       

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