Abstract: Abstract: Desertification is the one of humanity's most serious problems. Most countries have paid a lot of attention to combat desertification. China is one of the most desertified countries in the world. The deserted land is up to 27.32% of China's total cultivated land. Afforestation and recovering vegetation on the desertified land is the most efficient and practical method to combat desertification. An investigation on deep tree planting in an arid area showed that planted trees have had almost a 100% survival rate when planted at depths exceeding 1.4m and a 78% survival rate when planting depth is 70cm to 80cm. Deep tree planting is a remarkable technology and an effective method to increase the tree planting survival rate and keep rate. In order to improve the efficiency of deep planting afforestation and to reduce its cost, an efficient deep-planting earth auger was designed. The deep planting earth auger was powered with an LH1630-2 mini agricultural tractor. The machine was totally hydraulic driving, operating, and controlling. The deep planting earth auger has two sets of working devices, which can drill two holes in one cycle of work, and the distance between the working devices can be adjusted as required. The entire drilling machine is composed of the LH1630-2 tractor, trailer, gearbox, hydraulic pump station, hydraulic control platform, and drilling devices. The trailer is towed by the LH1630-2 tractor with mount point. The PTO shaft of the tractor drives the hydraulic pump, and the hydraulic pump station drives the working devices. The gearbox, pump station, fuel tank, hydraulic control platform, and drilling devices are arranged on trailers. The paper provides the completed design of parts, such as gear box，drilling equipment，lifting equipment，chain tensioner，pulley equipment，auger bit，vertical guidance, and trailer, and instructions for complete production and assembly of the prototype. In this paper, using the deep planting earth auger a deep drilling experiment has been carried out in the forest of Inner Mongolia. The result of the deep drilling experiment shows that the deep planting earth auger was functioning smoothly. Its efficiency can reach 180 holes/h, and each hole features a 90mm diameter and up to 1.7m depth. In addition, the space between the holes can be adjusted between 2.5m to 4m. The space between the lines can be adjusted by changing the motion of the tractor. The theoretical and test research of tree planting equipment used in arid areas give a theoretical and reliable basis for machine design and manufacture. The developed tree deep planting machine is suited to local conditions. The machines will speed up combat against desertification by increasing tree planting efficiency.