Abstract: Abstract: Carbon stocks of the farmland ecosystem are rapidly changing by human mining activity, which not only changes the soil fertility and the crop yield, but also has great influence on the global environment. In fact, it is a primary way to maintain the stability of the carbon pool. This paper takes the Jiuli Mining Area, in the city of Xuzhou, as the research area to study the effect of human mining activity on the regional carbon pool of the farmland ecosystem. Firstly, we studied the evaluation thinking: we studied the difference in storage of the carbon pool of the farmland ecosystem which is in the same agriculture zones (the general affecting factors of the carbon pool are almost the same) under two conditions: the carbon pool of the farmland ecosystem is affected by mining, and it is not affected after several decades of change. Secondly, this research studied the effect of human mining activity through sampling and experiments in the farmland area, model construction and carbon storage estimates of the carbon pool of the farmland ecosystem, the carbon density profile, and carbon storage of the farmland ecosystem in the Jiuli Mining Area. The carbon density profile and carbon storage can then be obtained in a scenario simulation where the regional farmland ecosystem is not disturbed by human mining activity until today. Finally, the effect on the regional carbon pool of the farmland ecosystem by the human mining activity can be obtained by careful contrasting the carbon density profile and carbon storage of the two scenarios mentioned above. We find that the Kriging Interpolation method is the most suitable for spatial interpolation of the vegetation carbon density in the mining subsidence area, and the accuracy evaluation of the spatial interpolation R2 is 0.818. Lastly, the conclusion of this paper is that there are 1.3×104 tons of carbon lost in the subsidence area, 0.2 ×104 tons of carbon lost in the seasonal water-logged area, 0.4×104 tons of carbon lost in the perennial water-logged area, and 0.5×104 tons of carbon lost in the subsidence water-logged area. If not affected by mining, the vegetation carbon pool storage of the farmland ecosystem in the subsidence region of the Jiuli Mining Area is 5.8×104 tons, and this figure becomes 3.4×104 tons after mining. So, there is 2.4×104 tons of carbon loss because of human mining activity. Furthermore, on the rising parts of the mining subsidence area, human mining activity has a significant effect on the carbon pool of the farmland ecosystem, and has little effect in the seasonal hydrops areas. In the whole Jiuli Mining Subsidence Area, the carbon effect on the farmland vegetation carbon pool by mining is a carbon loss (carbon source) effect. This research can provide insight into evaluating the effect on the regional carbon pool of the farmland ecosystem by human mining activity.