Abstract: Based on many investigation and research in Northwest China, the standard of grain supply and demand was given. The capacity of grain supply and demand is still in the phase of lowlevel balance. The rate of grain selfsufficient is 80 %.The prior order of the yield potential of climatesoil is Shaanxi，Ganxu，Ningxia，Qinghai，Xinjiang．But the prior order of real productivity is Xinjiang，Qinghai，Ningxia，Ganxu，Shaanxi. The maximum potential yield of Northwest China is 676.24×10⁸kg and the order of increasing capacity is Xinjiang，Ganxu，Shaanxi，Ningxia，Qinghai. The potential yield of increased is 200×10⁸～240×10⁸kg before 2030. Drought and soil degradation are the key climate factors to grain production sustainable development. As a conclusion, the grain production sustainable development executive strategy from different level, and the agricultural technique measures were discussed. The Northwest China will become a new base of Chinese grain production and it will play an important role for Chinese grain supplying and demanding.