Abstract: Based on the dependence of oasis agricultural development on water resources, the impacts of some factors such as natural river course canalized, irrigation area expanded, diversion water into canal increased, canals lined with high standard, groundwater resources exploited hugely on the transforming relationship between surface water and groundwater are analyzed. The conclusions show that the high efficient and intensive ecosystem of oasis agriculture is formed with the exploitation and utilization of water resources, as well as that the transformation condition and transformation quantity between surface water and groundwater and water quality are immensely changed. The negative effect led to serious eco-environmental problems, and also directly threatened to stabilization and development of oasis.