Abstract: In order to accelerate land consolidation of rural residents, which is about to be implemented in Danyang city Jiangsu province, scale characteristics about the spatial distribution of rural settlements and transportation factor influence on distribution of rural settlements were analyzed by using the GIS spatial analysis method such as the Ripley's K function analysis based on the land survey use database about Danyang City in 2010.The results showed as follows: 1) In the township scale, the spatial pattern of rural settlements presented three kinds of patterns, such as uniformity, randomness, and cluster. However, in the village scale, it presented both the uniformity pattern and the cluster one. 2)The proportion of rural settlements on the both sides of the transportation lines, such as highways and rivers, country roads was 2-3 times of the average proportion of rural settlements. The distant coefficient of rural settlements on both sides of traffic lines was closely related to the distribution of rural settlements. In the smaller scale range, the effects of highways, rivers, and country roads on the spatial distribution of rural settlements were different. This research could provide an important reference for the smooth implement of the land arrangement of rural settlements.