Abstract: Abstract: Rice pot seedling transplanting is a transplanting technology with pot seedling, which plays an important part in the process of rice cultivation. However, compared with other countries and regions, mechanization level of rice cultivation in China is relatively low, and degree of mechanization is also the lowest compared to other domestic rice production processes. Therefore the study of a new rice pot seedling transplanting mechanism has a very important significance in mechanized cultivation and high-yielding of rice. By analyzing the shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing rice pot seedling transplanters at home and abroad, discussing the features and benefits of the rice pot seedling transplanter, this paper came up with a new type of rice pot seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train with ellipse gears and incomplete non-circular gear，and it helped the rice pot seedling transplanting to achieve high yield and efficiency level. Firstly, the work principle of this transplanting mechanism was analyzed, the kinematics model of planetary gear train with ellipse gears and incomplete non-circular gears was established. Then, based on Visual Basic6.0, a computer-aided analysis and optimization software for the transplanting mechanism was developed. Finally, through analyzing the influences caused by the input parameters, using the man-machine interactive optimization method, a group of structural parameters were found to meet the requirements of transplanting rice pot seedling.