草带布设位置对坡沟系统水文连通性的影响

马勇勇; 李占斌; 任宗萍; 李鹏; 鲁克新; 李聪; 汤珊珊; 王添

doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.08.022

草带布设位置对坡沟系统水文连通性的影响

1.
西安理工大学，省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室，西安 710048
2.
中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室，杨凌 712100
3.
河南黄河水文勘测设计院，郑州 450004

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402404)；国家自然科学基金青年项目（41601291, 51609196）；国家自然科学基金重点项目（41330858）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目（2016JM4017）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（L1624052）

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- 收稿日期: 2017-11-22
- 修回日期: 2018-03-18
- 发布日期: 2018-04-14

Effect of different positions of grass strips on hydrological connectivity in slope-gully system

1.
State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Yangling, 712100, China
3.
Henan Yellow River Hydrological Survey and Design Institute, Zhengzhou 450004, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究坡面不同草带布设位置对坡沟系统水文连通性的影响，在模拟降雨条件下，选取地形收敛指数和地形湿度指数作为结构连通性指标、简化水文曲线和相对地表连接函数作为功能连通性指标分析了不同草带布设位置（坡面中上、中、中下、下部）坡沟系统水文连通性。结果表明：不同草带布设位置对坡沟系统的连通过程影响不同。植被布设越靠近沟坡部分产流时间越长；植被布设在中下坡位、下坡位比中坡位和中上坡位的总径流量小，对径流汇集影响大。中上坡位布置植被比其他位置有较好的结构连通性，其降雨后的地形更利于水系连通。不同格局地形收敛指数分布类似正态分布，地形湿度指数分布符合正偏态分布。中上坡位布置植被降雨后地形比其他格局更利于汇流；中上坡位布置植被降雨后的地形湿度指数均值比降雨前减少10.59%，整体变化最大，也更利于产流。植被布设越靠近坡顶部分其功能连通性越好，但对于降水的储蓄能力较差。中上坡位布置植被相比其他格局需要较少的水量达到产流，功能连通性最好。降雨停止时，中下部和下部坡位布设植被约有70%的总降雨量用于储蓄，而中上部和上部仅为50%。
- 水文 /
- 径流 /
- 侵蚀 /
- 结构连通性 /
- 功能连通性 /
- 地形收敛指数 /
- 地形湿度指数
Abstract: Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of different slope grass strips patterns on hydrological connectivity of the slope-gully system, we selected topographic convergence index and topographic wetness index as structural connectivity indicators, and the simplified hydrograph and derived relative surface connection function as functional connectivity indicators which were used to analyze the hydrological connectivity of groove system in different grass strip patterns (upper, middle, lower and foot slopes). In this paper, we used artificial simulated rainfall experiment which was conducted in the State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China at Xi'an University of Technology from July to August 2014. According to the loess plateau typical geomorphic features design indoor slope gully system model, the model for steel soil bin, groove width was 1 m, including Liang Mao slope gradient of 12°, slope 8 m long; groove was 25° slope degree, slope length 5 m. Liang Mao slope and gully slope ratio was roughly control in 1.6:1.0, representing the proportion of slope gully loess plateau region. The experimental rainfall intensity was set at 1.5 mm/min, and the rainfall space was evenly distributed to more than 80% before the experiment began. We started to count the time after the rainfall was produced. All the muddy water samples were collected in every minute to calculate the runoff volume per minute. After 30 minutes of runoff, the rainfall experiment stopped. The results showed that different grass strip patterns had different influence on the connection process of slope ditch system. The closer to gully the grass strip was located, the longer the initial runoff time was. The total runoff was small in the grass strip layout in the middle and lower slope position. The lower slope and the foot slope had great influence on the runoff collection. The structural connectivity of grass strip was arranged on the placement of the middle and upper slopes which were superior to that of other positions，and were more conducive to the connection of water system after rainfall. The distribution of topographic convergence index was similar to normal distribution, while the distribution of the terrain moisture index was in line with the positively skewed distribution. The topography of the grass strip position which was arranged on the placement of the middle and upper slope was more conducive to the confluence than other patterns. In the middle and upper slope, the average topoqraphic wetness index of the grass strips after rainfall decreased by 10.59% . The closer the grass strip was to the top of the slope, the better the functional connectivity was, but the saving capacity of precipitation was poor. Compared with other patterns, the grass strip in the upper slope needed less water to produce flow and the functional connectivity was the best. When the rainfall stopped, there were about 70% of the total rainfall was used for saving with the grass strip laid in the lower and foot slope, while the one located in the middle and upper parts were only 50%. This study can provide reference for the prevention and treatment of slope gully in the Loess Plateau, China.
- hydrology /
- runoff /
- erosion /
- structural connectivity /
- functional connectivity /
- topographic convergence index /
- topographic wetness index

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草带布设位置对坡沟系统水文连通性的影响

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Effect of different positions of grass strips on hydrological connectivity in slope-gully system

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