Land use pattern simulation based on ecosystem service value and ecological security pattern

Abstract: The rapid development of coastal economy in Hebei Province has caused rapid transition of coastal land use pattern, which has threatened land ecological safety. Specifically calculating ecosystem services value (ESV) and constructing ecological security pattern (ESP) and optimizing land use pattern have become an inevitable choice for providing decision support for land use planning and control as well as regional ecological security. Using RS (remote sensing), meteorological and field investigation data, the article chooses the following functions including material production, nutrient cycling, gas regulation, climate regulation, water conservation, environment purification, biodiversity maintenance, and entertainment and culture function, uses CASA (carnegie-ames-stanford approach) model to calculate EV, and then the article takes accumulative resistance model to determine ecological corridors and ecological node in Huanghua City. ESP is constructed, which takes ecosystem services value(ESV) as resistance. At last, taking ESP as one of influencing factors, a study on land use scenario simulation with different constraints has been carried out by the CA (cellular automaton) -Markov model. Two scenarios are no ecological conservation scenario and ESP conservation scenario. The results show that ESV per unit area for wetland is the largest, which is 14.95 Yuan/(m2•a), and that for construction land is the smallest, only 2.44 Yuan/(m2•a). ESV per unit area in different land use types is listed from high to low as follows: wetland, water, garden, cultivated land, grass, other land, saltern, saline land, and construction land. The contribution of nutrient cycling function is the largest, and environment purification function is the smallest. The largest percentage is 26.89%, and the smallest is 0.22%. The order of ESV for different functions from high to low is: nutrient cycling, water conservation, entertainment and culture, material production, biodiversity maintenance, gas regulation, climate regulation, and environment purification function. The ecological corridors and ecological node in Huanghua City are mainly distributed in the river in western areas, and the eastern coastal wetland. The study area can be divided into ecological core protection zone, ecological buffer zone, ecological restoration zone and human activity core zone. The proportion of ecological core zone is the smallest, which is only 168.58 km2, while the proportion of ecological buffer zone is the largest, which is 1 400.33 km2. Ecological restoration zone is 436.58 km2 and human activity core zone is 172.34 km2. Simulation under 2 scenarios is carried out to compare the impact of different land use patterns. No ecological conservation scenario is a continuation of the current trends and involves only limited constraints. The ESP conservation scenario simulation incorporates ESP and basic cultivated land conservation constraints, i.e. the ecological source land and basic cultivated land cannot be changed into construction land. The results indicate that under ESP conservation scenario, the newly increasing construction land declines to 8.90 km2, which is 19.06 km2 under no ecological conservation scenario. In the scenario simulation with ESP conservation, the areas of wetland, water and cultivated land are larger than that under no ecological conservation scenario. ESV rises to 9.57 billion Yuan in the scenario simulation with ESP conservation, and without ecological conservation it is 9.41 billion Yuan. An increase of 0.16 billion Yuan indicates that ESP conservation scenario is more effective to environment protection. Especially within the range of ecological core protection zone, the quantity of newly increasing construction land is zero under ESP conservation scenario, while it is 11.20% without ecological conservation. This method and the results can provide guidances and references not only for general land use planning and city planning, but also for ecological conservation in Huanghua City and other cities.