77 张玉苍，徐树英. 自动调整压辊式香蕉茎秆压榨机：ZL2014100222312P(2014-01-14)2018-03-20.77

Abstract: China is one of the largest producers of bananas in the world. Every year after the harvest of banana, a large number of by-products, the banana pseudostem, increase sharply. The banana pseudostem processing is difficult and the utilization rate is low due to the bulkiness of the banana pseudostem, high moisture content and strong intensity of labors, which bring increasingly serious environmental pollution problems. Banana pseudostem technology is the key step for its utilization, which can effectively reduce the transportation cost and labor intensity of farmers, improve the comprehensive utilization rate. The morphology and the chemical component of banana pseudostem were studied firstly. The results showed that water content of the banana pseudostem was up to 90%; The banana pseudostem (dry basis) was composed primarily of cellulose (21.77%), hemicellulose (25.92%), lignin (10.88%) and pectin (3.50%), wax (3.63%) and water soluble matter (31.91%). It could be seen that the content of non cellulose was higher than the content of cellulose. The research status and recent development of the dehydration technology and equipment on high water content agricultural waste at home and abroad were also investigated. The structure characteristics of various typical dehydration equipment were pointed out, and the selection principle of banana pseudostem squeezing dehydration technology was discussed. As compared with the drying technology, the squeezing dehydration technology is high efficiency, low cost and good at feedstock adaptability and operability. The process and equipments of squeezing dehydration were studied. The plane squeezing dehydration process usually uses hydraulic oil as power input, which has the advantages of simple structure, small power consumption, good quality of residue cake, and which also has the disadvantages of the intermittent production, long expression time (the ratio of auxiliary time to whole time is about 15%~25%), trouble in loading and unloading cakes, heavy equipment, large cover of area. Compared with the plane squeezing dehydration process, the screw extruding process is characterized in continuous production, low labor intensity, high efficiency. Though it is in favor for comprehensive utilization, it also has disadvantages of high energy consumption, low efficiency of spiral, high maintenance cost. And the temperature of juice and residue are high. Agricultural raw materials need to be crushed in pretreatment in order to carry out the screw extruding process. The characteristics of roller squeezing dehydration process is continuous operation, but it also has the disadvantages of small pressure area, feeding difficultly, little processing quantity, low squeezing effect, and the poor material adaptability. Finally, based on the current main use of banana pseudostem, the whole stalk roller squeezing dehydration process of banana pseudostem will be an important research and application direction. The further researches on the process of banana pseudostem whole stalk roller squeezing dehydration were discussed in the following aspects. Firstly, the mechanism of banana pseudostem whole stalk roller squeezing dehydration should be explored. Secondly, banana pseudostem roller equeezing dehydration process is still blocked by the banana pseudostem fiber winding on the roller surface, so the antiwind design of the roller surface structure should be the focus of future research, which can facilitate feeding and discharging, impove dehydration rate. Banana pseudostem whole stalk squeezing dehydration equipment should be able to meet the requirement of squeezing the banana pseudostem raw materials in the fields, small volume, simple and safe operation, high capacity, high reliability. It can be accepted by banana farmers, and solve the problem of high cost of transportation fundamentally. Research results of this thesis provided refference for the squeezing dehydration process and equipment of banana pseudostem, and a model which may be useful for comprehensive utilization of banana pseudostem in industry should be established. There was a certain theoretical and application value for banana pseudostem dehydration.