Ecological security evaluation and ecological regulation approach in Xilin Gol League

In the concept framework of natural ecology and human disturbance, ecological security evaluation model in XilinGol League was constructed to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution pattern of ecological security during 2000－2015. The spatial agglomeration state was analyzed by local spatial autocorrelation, and then the trajectory of the ecological security center was tracked by the gravity center migration model. Finally, ecological regulation was put forward. The results showed that: 1) the spatial distribution of ecological security is significantly different, and the northeast is high, and southwest is low. They presents a trend of spatial agglomeration; the high-high value area is adjacent to the low-low value area; 2) the ecological security value is rising, and the ecological security is improved, but the general security area is still widely distributed; 3) the center of ecological security is mainly located in Xiwuzhumuqin Banner, and it moved northeast. the center of insecurity is moving southwest to Abaga Banner; 4) Land use is the main driving force for the change of ecological security. It is suggested to carry out regional ecological regulation, implement "one region one policy" and implement a new mode of ecological protection and social coordinated development. The overall ecological security situation in Xilin Gol League has improved and partially deteriorated. National policies have directive impacts on regional ecological protection and development. Although some achievements have been made in ecological protection, the intensity of ecological protection is far from enough because of the strong interference of human activities. The effect of ecological protection and restoration projects such as returning farmland to forests and natural forest protection implemented by the state has gradually emerged, which is an important driving force affecting the ecological security of Xilin Gol League. For example, NDVI showed an overall growth trend from 2000 to 2015, especially since 2010, the NDVI growth trend was obvious, which promoted ecosystem recovery to a certain extent. Therefore, we should take ecological restoration as an opportunity to accelerate the restoration of natural ecosystems, enhance ecosystem services and build regional ecological security pattern. The shift of the focus on ecological security to the northeast is mainly due to the enhancement of ecological response, rather than the decrease of ecological pressure. Therefore, when carrying out ecological regulation, we should adopt the regulation mode of coordinated development of ecological security and society in accordance with the principle of "one region, one policy"; relying on existing ecological protection and construction projects, we should build an ecological security decision support system oriented by early warning, regulation and management of ecological security. In the follow-up, we can further divide the control zones, clarify the ecological spatial orientation, control objectives and control measures, make rational use of ecological resources, and enhance the ecological support of regional social development. Land use is one of the main driving forces for spatio-temporal change of ecological security. The urbanization rate of Xilin Gol League has been continuously increasing, reaching 63% in 2015. In addition, Xilin Gol League is a resource-based area based on coal mining. In 2000－2010, the area of industrial and mining land increased by 117.74 km2, 68.68%, respectively. During 2010－2015, the area increased by 34.41 km2, with an increase rate of 11.90%. Based on the ecological zoning, according to the ecological characteristics and ecological carrying capacity of each zoning, ecological security control countermeasures and approaches are formulated in XilinGol League. The six zones are core conservation area, and the ecological protection measures should be strictly implemented in all zones to make rational use of resources and promote regional ecological security.