Analysis of poverty characteristics and poverty influencing factors in different terrain areas

Anhua, located in Hunan province, is a state poverty county, whose types of terrain are divided into high mountainous, reservoir and low-mountain hilly area. Considering different terrain areas and poor rural households, analyzing the poverty characteristics and influencing factors under the regional type is conducive to take targeted poverty alleviation measures. Based on the data sources of 578 questionnaires of poor rural households and combined with the actual situation of three types of terrain area, this paper analyzes poverty characteristics, influencing factors and interaction of two-factor under different terrain area using spatial autocorrelation and geo-detector in Anhua county. The results show that: 1) The poverty degrees of different terrain area are different. Specifically, the order of the absolute value of mean poverty level is that the is reservoir area (0.236), high mountain area (0.192) and low-mountain hilly area (0.127). The per capita net income of the reservoir area is low, and the source of economic income is only relying on the reservoir aquaculture industry. The per capita net income of high mountainous area is low, and the source of economic income is mostly self-sufficient planting and poultry farming. The per capita net income is higher, the source of economic income is diversified, such as going out to work and developing family planting. 2) Poverty influencing factors in different terrain types are different: the reservoir area is mainly affected by infrastructure construction, policy implementation degree and terrain slope. Among the main influencing element, the impact values of factors are policy, nature, economy, human capital; the high mountainous area is mainly affected by the terrain slope, labor population and family business income factors, the influence value of natural factors is the highest, followed by human capital, economic factors, and policy factors; the low-mountain hilly area is mainly affected by the labor population, policy implementation and wage income factor, the human capital has the highest influence value, followed by policy, economic, natural element. 3) The intensity of the interaction between the influence factors of different terrain area are that the interaction intensity of economic element and natural element is higher than the interaction intensity between policy element and other element. The high mountainous and reservoir area are mainly family-run incomes for planting and breeding. The low-mountain hilly area is mainly based on wages income, non-agricultural employment has been selected as their main livelihood strategy choice, giving play to the external role of policy elements, taking into account the economic factor forms of each district. 4) The significant impact factors of poverty degree in different terrain area are different. The reservoir area is significantly affected by policy element, the high mountainous area is significantly affected by natural element, the low-mountain hilly area is mainly affected by human capital. To implement differentiated policies for different terrain areas, so as to ensure the precise implementation of policies in poverty alleviation. Different terrain area should combine regional internal and external, policy element and economic element, financial capital and human capital in the work of poverty alleviation and work to achieve stable poverty alleviation.