Multifunctional characteristics and revitalization strategies of different types of rural development at village scale

Abstract: Village is the basic unit of rural social and economic activities in China. In accordance with the law of village development and the trend of evolution, it's of great significance to carry forward rural revitalization by zoning and classification on the basis of scientific recognition of suitable development types for various villages. Considering planning constraints, in this study, a comprehensive development evaluation index system was established in four dimensions of economic conditions, traffic location, resources and ecological environment. Among the index system, indicators such as the proportion of construction land area during the planning period and the distance from the urban core area belonged to the type of planning constraints, which reflected the impact of planning and the urban core area on the future development of the countryside; the rest were the status quo description category ones, representing the status quo level of rural development. After calculating and analyzing the status of integrated rural development, rural development types and multi-functional characteristics were identified by use of tools and systems such as SOFM network model and GeoDetector. In the process above, the SOFM model was used to obtain scientific and objective classification results which ranged from 2 to 16 categories, and then, the GeoDetector was used to obtain the number of best rural areas. The results showed that Under the influence of economic development, traffic location and other factors, development of villages in Miyun District differentiate largely in space, and the development level of area on the south of reservoir was generally better than the area on the north of reservoir. Miyun Town, Mujiayu Town and Shilipu Town thrived best and their rural developments were at a high level while Gubeikou and Xinchengzi Town developed most slowly. Our results also showed that villages in Miyun District were divided into seven zones such as traffic and ecology dominant high-level zone and resource and ecology dominant medium-high level zone. Traffic and ecology dominant and economy & ecology dominant high-level zones were the primary types of rural development. These two zones were mainly located in Bulaotun, Dachengzi, Jugezhuang, Mujiayu, Xitiangezhuang, Fengjiayu and Xiwengzhuang. With high quality of ecological environment, advantageous traffic location and strong economic development, villages in traffic and ecology dominant high-level zone showed high-level comprehensive development. Villages in economy and ecology dominant medium-high level zone had a strong economic development and great ecological environment, so they also achieved high-level comprehensive development. In addition, the results showed functional characteristics of different types of zone were summarized from a multi-functional prospective and suggestions for rural revitalization were proposed in accordance with the idea of "focusing on advantageous functions and properly improving disadvantageous functions" in order to guide the establishment of differential rural revitalization strategy. Overall, the results of the classification of rural development types based on SOFM and GeoDetector generally accorded with the regional reality, and can reflect the development differences of different dimensions of seven zones, as well as the impact of planning constraints on rural development. The conclusions can provide evidence for the rural revitalization practice in Miyun District.