Rural multidimensional poverty measurement and spatial differentiation in border areas inhabited by ethnic minorities in Yunnan

Abstract: With years of large-scale poverty relief and development, the poverty-stricken population in China's rural areas has declined sharply and the situation of poverty has been effectively relieved. However, the task of poverty relief and development is still arduous due to a large cardinal number in poverty population. In particular, the poverty governance in border areas inhabited by ethnic minorities has always been the most difficult "hard nut" in the strategy of poverty alleviation. Revealing the multidimensional poverty degree and spatial differentiation rules in the rural areas is conducive to promoting poverty alleviation and development work and poverty alleviation and income increase of poor farmers in border areas. Taking Zhenyuan county of Yunnan Province as an example, this paper studied the multidimensional poverty degree, and its spatial pattern and leading factors of 109 villages in Zhenyuan based on the multidimensional poverty evaluation index system by the multidimensional poverty measurement model, Moran index, Geodetector and other mathematical methods. The results revealed that: the degree of multidimensional poverty in Zhenyuan was higher, 55 villages are at high poverty levels, and the spatial pattern is characterized by "high poverty in the East and West, followed by the South and North, and low poverty in the middle"; The multidimensional poverty in the rural areas of Zhenyuan county has a significant spatial agglomeration feature. The high-value centers of agglomeration are mainly distributed in Enle town and Anban town in the middle, while the low-value centers of agglomeration are mainly distributed in Zhentai town in the west; The main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of multidimensional poverty in Zhenyuan include the arable land per capita, the proportion of arable land over 25°, the traffic situation out of the village, the driving time to the county government residence, the intensity of pesticide use, the intensity of geological disasters, the proportion of land circulation area, the proportion of poverty stricken population and the annual per capita net income. Therefore, the local governments should formulate reasonable and targeted poverty alleviation strategies according to regional advantage resources. First, coordinate the flow of resource elements among the regions, increase the investment in the higher poverty level area, solve the problems of education, medical treatment and housing of poor farmers, prevent the phenomenon of returning to poverty due to education, disease and housing. Second, it is necessary to develop characteristic industries according to the resource advantages in different areas of Zhenyuan, the central region should vigorously develop pig, vegetable and other characteristic industries, and the eastern and western regions should focus on the development of flue-cured tobacco and forest economy. Third, vigorously implement the policy of poverty alleviation and relocation. The most direct and effective way to improve the bread-and-butter issue of the farmers in the ecologically fragile areas of Zhenyuan county is to carry out the relocation of ecological poverty alleviation.