Effects of long-term conservation tillage on soil aggregate stability and carbon and nitrogen in paddy field

Wang Xing; Qi Jianying; Jing Zhenhuan; Li Chao; Zhang Hailin

doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.015

Volume 35 Issue 24

Dec. 2019

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Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE) > 2019 > 35(24): 121-128. > DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.015

Wang Xing, Qi Jianying, Jing Zhenhuan, Li Chao, Zhang Hailin. Effects of long-term conservation tillage on soil aggregate stability and carbon and nitrogen in paddy field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2019, 35(24): 121-128. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.015

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Effects of long-term conservation tillage on soil aggregate stability and carbon and nitrogen in paddy field

College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University；Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China

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Received Date: May 25, 2019
Revised Date: September 18, 2019
Published Date: December 14, 2019

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Abstract: Soil structure stability, aggregate-associated C and N play an important role in soil conservation and nutrient supply. Tillage practices can affect the soil aggregate stability and C and N distribution, thus affecting the farmland ecological security. To estimate the effects of tillage practices on soil aggregate stability and its C and N distribution of double paddy field in Southern China, a long-term field experiment initiated from 2005 with four treatments (no-till with residue retention, NTS), rotary tillage with residue retention, RTS), plow tillage with residue retention, CTS), and plow tillage with residue removed, CT)) was conducted in a double rice cropping system in Ningxiang, Hunan. After 12-years of the experiment, the soil water-stable aggregates, stability, and C, N concentration were determined from four soil depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm. The results showed that there were significant positive correlations between soil C, N and aggregate stability (P <0.05). The percentage of soil aggregate decreased with the particle size decreases in paddy fields. It mainly composed of macro-aggregate (>0.25 mm), accounting for 66.90%-87.82%, of which >2 mm part accounted for 35.02%-64.44% in 0-30 cm soil layers under different tillage practices. For >2 mm soil aggregate, NTS was significantly higher than RTS (P <0.05) in the 5-30 cm soil layers.NTS was significantly higher than CTS at 5-20 cm (P < 0.05), but NTS, RTS and CTS were not significant in the 0-5 cm soil layer. The <0.25 mm soil aggregate accounted for 12.18%-33.10% in 0-30 cm soil layers under different tillage practices. In terms of aggregate stability, NTS was significantly higher than RTS (10-30 cm) and CTS (5-20 cm), but NTS, RTS, and CTS were not significant in the 0-5 cm soil layer. The contribution rate of macro-aggregate to soil C, N in paddy fields were 76.58%-90.62% and 72.28%-89.76%, respectively, and the contribution rates of >2 mm aggregates to C and N were52.12% and 52.16%, respectively. Compared with straw removal, the contribution rate of >2 mm aggregate treated with straw returning to the soil C, N increased by 8.20 percentage point and 7.35 percentage point, while the contribution of 0.25-2 mm aggregate decreased by 4.96 percentage point and 4.84 percentage point, respectively. Further analysis of the relationship between soil C and N and aggregate stability showed that SOC and GMD (geometric mean diameter), TN and GMD were significantly positively correlated. Thus, straw returning was conducive to the transformation of micro-aggregate to macro-aggregate. Compared with CTS and RTS, NTS significantly increased the C, N content in soil surface and promoted the stable macro-aggregate formation, which had significant effects on improving aggregate stability in paddy fields (especially 0-20 cm) (P <0.05). Therefore, no-till with residue retention is an effective measure to maintain and improve soil performance of the paddy field in Southern China.
- soils,
- aggregate,
- tillage,
- straw-returning,
- soil carbon and nitrogen,
- double-cropping rice

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References

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