Design and test of oil-sunflower threshing device with variable clearance

Abstract: The existing oil sunflower threshing device cannot meet the requirements of oil sunflower threshing under different conditions. Aiming at the problems of the low oil sunflower threshing rate and the high breaking rate during the threshing process, a threshing device of oil sunflower with variable clearance based on multi-bar mechanism is designed in this paper. The structure and the working principle of the oil-sunflower threshing device with variable clearance were introduced, and the mechanisms of kinematics of the clearance adjustment mechanism and angle adjustment mechanism of the structure of variable clearance concave screen were analyzed, the motion trajectory analysis and solution were performed to determine the structural parameters, the variable clearance range of the variable clearance concave sieve was 20-60 mm. A test bench of the oil-sunflower threshing device with variable clearance was developed. The threshing test was completed at the Key Laboratory of Innovation Design Laboratory of Xinjiang Agricultural Engineering Equipment. The test object was oil sunflower No. 31 with the disk diameter of 180-220 mm and the disk thickness of 25-40 mm, the weight of single sunflower disk was 300-380 g, the moisture content of the sunflower disk was 29.59%. The test was performed according to the GB/T5982-2017 thresher test method and the DB37/T2878.2-2016 technical requirements. The orthogonal experiment of three factors and three levels was carried out, threshing rate and breaking rate were taken as the indexes and the cylinder speed，the threshing clearance as well as feed rate were the factors. The test results showed that during the threshing process, the factors that affect the oil sunflower threshing rate and breaking rate are threshing clearance, drum speed and feed rate. The optimal combination of operating parameters was that the threshing clearance 35 mm, the drum speed 280 r/min and the feed rate 1.8 kg/s. Through the analysis of variance, it was concluded that the threshing clearance had a very significant effect on the oil sunflower threshing rate and breaking rate, the drum speed was significant, and the feed amount was not significant. Multiple repeated tests were performed under a better combination of operating parameters. The test results showed that the average threshing rate of oil sunflower was 99.01%, and the breaking rate was 2.28%, which met the national standards that the threshing rate greater than 98 % and the breaking rate less than 5%. The better operating parameters of this study are only applicable to the material conditions tested in this paper, but the oil sunflower harvesting operations are complicated, and the factors such as oil sunflower varieties, moisture content, and output are also different. Adjusting the diameter of the threshing concave plate sieve, changing the threshing clearance and other working parameters is to meet the requirements of oil sunflower threshing under different conditions. The research results can provide reference for the design of subsequent oil sunflower threshing device.