Spatial variation and regional type division of rural poverty in typical karst areas from the perspective of multi-dimensional poverty

Abstract: Karst area is the main serious poverty-stricken area in southwest China. Scientifically identifying the rural poverty areal types, proposing differentiated revitalization strategies can effectively promote rural revitalization planning at the village level in karst poverty areas. Based on the multi-dimensional poverty theory and the rural area system theory, This paper took the poor village of Anshun City as the basic research unit, which is located in the central and western part of Guizhou province, China. We constructed the village-level karst rural poverty system evaluation index system from four dimensions of ecological conditions, production resource endowment, economic foundation and regional traffic conditions. In this paper, the factor detection model in geographical detectors was used to detect the explanatory power of each indicator to the spatial difference of the incidence of poverty based on the village poverty incidence data in 2015, which is used as the weight of the contribution degree of each indicator to the regional poverty situation. The regional types division of the karst rural poverty types through the classification and spatial combination of main poverty causing elements based on the main poverty dimension of karst poor villages. The results showed that: 1) the spatial variation of rural poverty was mainly affected by topography, slope, proportion of cultivated land, and net income per capita. The degree of poverty and the scale of poverty accumulation were serious in the south of Anshun city and low in the north. Compared with karst plateau area, the poverty degree of karst gorge area was deeper than that of karst plateau area, and the causing factors of rural poverty were more complex. Karst gorge area had obvious disadvantages in ecological conditions, production resource endowment, economic foundation and regional traffic conditions. 2) According to the main poverty dimension of poor villages, the regional types of karst poverty-stricken villages were divided into 12 types, including weak comprehensive restriction villages, strong comprehensive restriction villages, 4 types single-dimensional restriction villages which were ecological environment restricted villages, deficient production resources villages, weak economic foundation villages, location and transportation weaknesses villages; 3 types dual-dimensional restriction villages were eco-production restricted villages, eco-economic restricted villages, and production-economic restricted villages; 3 types three-dimensional restricted villages are production-economy-location restricted villages, eco-production-location restricted villages, and eco-production-economic restriction villages. 3) Ecological vulnerability plays a decisive role in the regional differentiation of karst poor rural areas. The common characteristics of poor rural areas are the weak economic foundation, and the production resource endowment and location and transportation conditions play an important role. Weak comprehensive restriction villages and four single-dimensional restriction villages should focus on improving the sustainability of the village collective economy, improving the infrastructure construction and public service system, and accelerating the integration of urban and rural development. Strong comprehensive restriction villages should combine ecological environmental protection with economic development, and develop infrastructure construction such as rural roads. Dual-dimensional restriction villages should optimize the structure of high-efficiency agricultural industries and develop rural tourism. The results can provide a theoretical basis for promoting the revitalization of poor villages.