A series of 2BMFJ type no-tillage planter has been proposed to serve as a feasible operation mode of “preparation of side-way anti-blocking seed bed and concurrently covered with uniform straw”. The amount of straw mulching can generally determine the effect of straw returning on soil improvement and crop growth benefit. If the amount of straw mulching is too small, there is no obvious effect on the soil moisture conservation and fertilizer cultivation. In this case, it is recommended that the straw can be returned to field in the whole amount. Nevertheless, if the straw mulching is too large, the yield of crop can decline due to “low temperature effect” and “biochemical effect” in some areas with high content of soil organic matter. As such, the proportional straw returning to the field can be used in a straw proportion regulation technology and supporting device under the operation mode of lateral straw cleaning, according to the environmental conditions in soil. The structural parameters of device can be determined using various theoretical analysis. In this study, a multi-link mechanism was designed to control the throwing trace of straw by adjusting the deflection angle of spring-tooth. Two correction coefficients of kx and ky were introduced to the model of straw throwing trace for an accurate simulation. The high speed camera system was selected to in-situ capture the throwing process of straw. The movement and distribution of straw throwing can be achieved, in order to determine the proportion of straw return to field. A cloud map was performed on a Matlab platform, thereby to quantify the distribution of straw. The deflection angle of throwing control baffle and gravity was 45°, when the proportion of straw returning to field was not less than 50%. The field experiment was carried out at the Xiangyang farm of Northeast Agricultural University from October 21 to 22, 2019, where a corn stubble field with the soil hardnessof28.1 kg/m2 and soil moisture content of 21.7%. Four factors and five levels quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center combined experimental method can be applied to optimize the influence of various parameters on straw returning proportion, the structure and working parameters in a proportion regulation device. The deflection angle of spring-tooth, area of recovery port, operating speed and straw mulching amount were selected as influencing factors, where as the proportion of straw returning to field were selected as the evaluation index of performance. The test results showed that the area of recovery port and deflection angle of spring-tooth had an extremely significant impact on the test indicators (P<0.01), while the straw mulching amount and operating speed had a secondary impact (0.01
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