Effects of different mechanized tillage and sowing modes on the seedling quality and yield of winter wheat

In order to provide theoretical and practical basis for high-yield and high-efficiency mechanized cultivation of wheat, different wheat tillage and sowing compound operation machines were selected, and the effects of different mechanized tillage and sowing modes on wheat seedling growth and yield were studied with traditional tillage and sowing machinery and artificial sowing planting as control in this study. The results showed that the compound operation mode of LCB-10 wheat precision fertilization rotary tillage planter (mode 2) and the compound operation mode of biaxial layered cutting, fertilization and sowing, pressing and trenching (mode 1) had high operation efficiency, vegetation coverage and seedling emergence rate, large seedling leaf area and dry matter accumulation in the early stage of overwintering, high overwintering seedling robustness, large population panicles and total grains, high yield and good economic benefit, it was suitable for large-scale popularization. Among them, the operation efficiency of mode 2 and mode 1 was 0%-260%, 100%-620% higher than that of other modes, the average seedling emergence rate in two years was 6.77%-20.60%, 6.13%-19.87%, the average grain yield in two years was 9 894.38 and 9 689.64 kg/hm2 respectively, which was 23.84%-42.90%, 21.28%-39.94% higher than that of other modes, and the average economic benefit in two years was 51.54%-112.68% higher than that of other modes 46.94%-106.23%. The sowing depth of model 2 was deep and the uniformity of seedling emergence was not high, while the seed dew rate of model 1 was relatively high. The vegetation coverage rate of 2BFG-10 (6) 230 rotary tillage intelligent fertilization planter compound operation mode (mode 4) was higher than that of mode 3 (LCB-10 wheat precision fertilization rotary tillage planter less no till drill mode) and mode 6 (traditional shallow rotary tillage and manual sowing mode), and the seedling emergence rate and seedling uniformity were higher than that of mode 3, mode 5 (traditional mechanical fertilization rotary tillage and sowing mode) and mode 6, the exposed seed rate was less than that of model 5 and model 6, the population dry matter accumulation is higher, the population panicle number, total grain number, yield and economic benefit at maturity were also significantly higher than that of model 3, model 5 and model 6, in which the average yield in two years was 7.01%-15.39% higher and the economic benefit was 14.23%-40.35% higher, which was also suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Although mode 6 had low mechanical and total investment cost and suitable sowing depth, it was not suitable for large-scale high-yield and high-efficiency production of wheat because of its high labor cost, low operation efficiency, high seed dew rate, poor seedling uniformity, few tillers per plant, few panicles at maturity, small panicle type and lowest yield and economic benefit.