Design and experiment of fertilizer pipe front-mounted wheat wide seedling belt rotary tillage fertilization planter

Sowing depth and simple blockage can limit the traditional planters in the wheat wheat-wide seedling belt during rotary tillage. In this study, the combination design was adopted with the fertilizer pipe and slide knife-type ditching. The slide knife-type ditching and fertilizer pipe were situated at the front-mounted of the working range gap of the wide seedling belt rotary tillage knife group. The coupling operation was realized for the slide knife-type ditching fertilizer pipe and rotary tillage knife group. Among them, the slide knife-type ditching and fertilizer pipe, rotary tillage knife group, seed distributor, and compaction wheel of the same seedling belt were collinear to create a wide seedling belt fertilization and sowing mode. The fundamental parameters were calculated for the blade line of the slide knife-type ditching fertilizer pipe and the arrangement of the rotary tillage knife group. An exponential function curve was fitted for the blade line, with a working depth of 100 mm. The rotary tillage knife group was featured by a symmetrical spiral arrangement with three rotary blades (L = 3) within the same soil soil-cutting area. In addition, the theoretical analysis was also carried out on the principle of cooperation between the slide knife-type ditching fertilizer pipe and the rotary tillage knife group. The discrete element simulation model was constructed to explore the traction force resistance of different slide knife-type ditching fertilizer pipes in the seedbed over time. A systematic investigation was made to clarify the influence of the relative position of the slide knife-type ditching fertilizer pipe and the rotary tillage knife group on the indexes, such as seedbed and sowing depth. The simulation results showed that there was the smallest resistance of 40° slide knife-type ditching fertilizer pipe. The front-mounted fertilizer pipe and rotary tillage knife group were combined to effectively avoid the influence of the fertilizer ditch on the consistency of sowing depth in the wide seedling belt. The field experiment was carried out with reference to the performance experiment standard of sowing operation. The experiment demonstrated that the new planter was better performed to realize the wide seedling belt sowing, when the forward speed of the machine was 1.11 m/s. The bBetter performance was achieved in the uniform sowing and a highly qualified rate of sowing depth, compared with the traditional planter. The qualified rate of sowing depth was 94.36%, while the coefficient of variation was 3.79%, indicating the excellent sowing. The front-mounted fertilizer pipe and the rotary tillage knife group were combined to form an 'inverted triangle' spatial pattern of three-dimensional distribution in the seed bed. This was also beneficial to the early nutrient absorption of the crop. The blockage was further avoided to cause by the small spacing between the fertilizer pipe and the seed distributor. The high passing was fully met the requirements for the wide seedling belt wheat planting. The findings can provide the support to optimize the wheat sowing device in the wide seedling belt.