Analysis and experiment on factors affecting the sowing quality of maiz sowing machine

This study focuses on the impact of corn seeder model/quality and seeder on sowing quality at different operating speeds. The spoon wheel, air suction, and finger clip seeders were selected as the research objects. By exploring the influence of seeder model/quality on sowing quality during operation, it was found that heavy-duty seeders have a tendency to intensify the change in the direction of instantaneous velocity around their center of motion. However, due to their lower tangential acceleration than the other two seeders, heavy-duty seeders have a tendency to have a smaller amplitude of change in instantaneous velocity around their center of motion. Overall, heavy-duty seeders have better adaptability to complex operating environments than medium and light-duty seeders; By exploring the impact of the seed holding process of the seeder on the quality of sowing, it was found that the spoon wheel seeder has better adaptability to flat small plots, while the air suction seeder has good adaptability to complex terrain and flat large and small plots. However, the air suction seeder has higher operational efficiency and better economy for flat large plots. For complex small plots, although the spoon wheel seeder has lower seeding quality, it can still meet seeding quality requirements at low speeds; By exploring the impact of the transition from seed holding to seed feeding on sowing quality, it was found that at the same sowing speed, the air suction seeder, due to the seeds being adsorbed on the seed suction port, as long as the air intake channel of the seed suction hole is blocked, the seeds will be thrown out under gravity. This means that the timing of seed detachment from the seed suction hole is relatively small, and the consistency of plant spacing is also good, indicating the best sowing quality. The finger clip type seed planter, although the timing of opening the finger clip is accurate and reliable, may have differences in the timing of seed detachment due to the coating on the seed surface, differences in seed size, and the response speed of mechanical finger clip opening. This may affect the consistency of plant spacing, as well as the spoon wheel type seed planter, which inevitably leads to large differences in plant spacing due to the seeds being placed in a seed transporter with a large seed holding area span. The larger the seed holding area span, the greater the variation in planting timing, and the worse the consistency of plant spacing; By exploring the influence of seed dropping speed on sowing quality during sowing, it was found that heavy-duty seeders do not exhibit significant slip phenomena in high, low, flat, and complex environments. Moreover, when the machine moves at a fast speed, it will further affect the consistency of sowing plant spacing, resulting in problems such as excessive or insufficient plant spacing. Conduct experiments on the adaptability of seeding quality to multiple models/qualities, seeder types, and operating speeds. The order of the three primary and secondary factors that affect seeding performance has been determined to be the forward speed of the equipment, the type of seeder, and the quality of the seeder. It has been determined that the spoon wheel seeder has good seeding quality when the forward speed of the machine is 3-5 km/h and the single row weight of the seeder is 108 kg; The finger clip seeder has good seeding quality when the forward speed of the machine is 6-8 km/h and the weight of a single row of the seeder is 238 kg; When the air suction seeder has a forward speed of 8-10 km/h and a single row weight of 420 kg, the seeding quality is better. The research results can provide guidance for the development of aircraft models and the selection of operating parameters.