Development of solar-powered detection device for high-speed rapeseed sowing seed flow

In response to the problems of high seed flow, low detection accuracy, and short battery life during high-speed rapeseed sowing operations, we have always been on the road to improving sowing efficiency and quality. In order to solve these problems, this article proposes a device powered by solar energy as the core, which can achieve multi-channel seed flow falling and synchronous detection during high-speed sowing process. According to the requirements of agronomy and detection accuracy, the seed flow under high-speed sowing is analyzed and designed to be divided into 8 low flux seed flows, each channel can independently detect the seed flow, and an 8-channel diversion structure is designed. In terms of detection principle, we adopted photoelectric detection technology, combined with LED array light source and silicon photocell detection structure, and processed the signal accurately through a ring circuit board integrated with eight channels and using surface mount technology. Each circuit board is integrated with detection functions, which can monitor the status of seed flow in real time and provide real-time data support for precise control of seeding operations. Based on the principles and characteristics of solar panels, we have selected appropriate parameters and designed a boost circuit and solar charging control module. These components together form an efficient solar energy system that can provide a stable energy supply for the detection device. After detailed analysis and tests, we have determined the parameters of each key component in the system, ensuring its reliability and stability. The results of the bench comparison test showed that when the sowing frequency of rapeseed seeds was in the range of 60-130Hz, the accuracy of the 8-channel detection device in detecting rapeseed sowing amount remained above 97.53%, which was 10.03 percentage points higher than the original 4-channel detection device. The detection performance was significantly better than that of the single channel and 4-channel detection devices. Road test results show that the accuracy of the detection device for rapeseed sowing rate remains stable at over 97.53% at high-speed operating speeds of 10.3～15.7km/h (78.9～123.5Hz). Further field experiments have verified that the accuracy of rapeseed sowing detection is not less than 97.07% at high-speed operating speeds of 10.3～15.7km/h (81.45～120.2Hz), and the sowing detection device is relatively stable. Due to the influence of dust in the field, the field detection result is 0.46 percentage points lower than the road detection result. In terms of endurance time, the plug-in circuit board detection device can work continuously for 6 hours when powered only by lithium battery, while the optimized surface mounted circuit board detection device can work for 7 hours. After loading the solar energy system, the device can achieve unlimited endurance in sunny day and cloudy weather conditions, and the endurance time can also reach 72 hours in overcast weather conditions. This detection device provides effective support for precise detection of seed flow in high-speed rapeseed sowing operations, significantly improving the endurance of the detection system.