Design and optimization of wireless sensor networking in big paddy field

Abstract: In recent years, the technique of wireless senor networking was widely applied in the field of agriculture. Due to the complexity of the agricultural environment and various unpredictable factors such as barriers, weather conditions as well as some other filed conditions, it was important to propose a better networking scheme to minimize the cost of energy consumption and improve the performance of the network communication. In order to solve the problem that of the cluster head nodes beforehand because of the exhaustion of energy in the cluster structure and serious packet loss rate of the network in the large-scale paddy field of wireless sensor networking, three kinds of networking schemes were proposed here. An omni-directional antenna networking communication mode can be used for communicating in multi-hop in different rings. A directional antenna networking communication mode can also be used for communicating in multi-hop in different rings, in which data packets which form the high level ring can be transmitted to the first level node. For a hybrid antenna communication mode, we can use the scheme of double-cluster head networking, in which the main cluster head received packets of a vice cluster head node, which was gathered from other member nodes, communicated with the base station in the multi-hop network. In this paper, firstly, the difference among the network topology structure with a hybrid antenna networking mode, a directional antenna networking mode and an omni-directional antenna networking mode was given. Then, the energy consumption of the three kinds of multi-hop networking was analyzed theoretically. Simulation results show that, compared with the directional antenna networking communication mode, the amount of data increased by 10 times respectively in the hybrid antenna networking mode. Compared to the omni-directional antenna networking communication mode, the stabilization period of network was prolonged by 24.3% and the lifetime increased by 28.2% in the hybrid antenna networking mode. Finally, networking tests were conducted in a paddy field for examining the communication performance of the omni-directional and hybrid antenna networking mode, equipped with a RF905 RF chip and a TDJ-0825BKM1 directional antenna. Results show that, compared with an omni-directional antenna network of communication, the packet loss rate of the hybrid antenna network decreased by 8.11%, and the average time of alive network was prolonged by 8.66% simultaneously. The research was provided for a reference of wireless sensor networking scheme, which can be applied in the large area of paddy fields.