Experiment and simulation of factors affecting flow measurement of water-measuring column with round head in U-shaped channel

Liu Ying; Wang Wen′e; Hu Xiaotao; Liu Jiamei

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.19.012

Volume 30 Issue 19

Sep. 2014

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE) > 2014 > 30(19): 97-106. > DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.19.012

Liu Ying, Wang Wen′e, Hu Xiaotao, Liu Jiamei. Experiment and simulation of factors affecting flow measurement of water-measuring column with round head in U-shaped channel[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2014, 30(19): 97-106. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.19.012

Citation:

PDF (3429 KB)

Experiment and simulation of factors affecting flow measurement of water-measuring column with round head in U-shaped channel

College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

More Information

Received Date: May 29, 2014
Revised Date: September 27, 2014
Published Date: September 30, 2014

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract: In this paper, water-measuring column with a round head was proposed to measure flow based on the cylindrical flow around theory. In the column, the cylindrical flume was improved by adding a V-shaped empennage behind it to reduce head loss, improve the accuracy of flow measurement and increase sediment transport capacity. The water-measuring column with a round head was installed vertically in a U-shaped channel and its symmetry plane was overlapped with the centerline of the channel bottom. By controlling the length of the V-shaped empennage, it could make the flow pattern steady and reduce head loss. Based on the cylindrical flow around theory and RNG k-ε turbulence model, hydraulic performance of the whole flow field of water-measuring column with a round head in 18 somatotypes under 5 working conditions were numerically calculated. And we obtained the time-averaged flow field, sectional velocity distribution, flow pattern behind the column as well as the measured values and the simulated values of the related hydraulic parameters. The comparison of simulated and measured hydraulic parameters values showed that they had good consistency. When the channel slope was 1/1000, discharge was 0.045m3/s, the contraction ratio was 0.50, and the aspect ratio was 2, the relative error of the maximum velocity of cross-section at a stagnation point between the simulated value and the measured value was 1.51%, and the relative error of the maximum velocity in a profile at 15 cm upward to water surface between the simulated value and the measured value was 0.45%. Therefore, simulation results can provide valuable information for rational design of a water-measuring column with a round head and its analysis of flow field measurements. On the one hand, an oversized contraction ratio may cause excessive upstream backwater and affect the normal operation of the channel. On the other hand, it was difficult to form a critical flow if the contraction ratio was too small. Based on the experimental data, a suitable range of contraction ratio was between 0.50 and 0.70, and it was ultimately determined by the channel slope. When the channel slope was small, the contraction ratio should be bigger. The analysis on the measuring effect of V-shaped empennage in model tests and numerical simulation revealed that V-shaped empennage of suitable aspect ratio could effectively improve the flow pattern. The recommended ranges of the aspect ratio ? were in 3/2~2 when the contraction ratios changed between 0.50 and 0.75. In addition, the aspect ratio should correspondingly increase but should not be more than 5/2 when the contraction ratio was less than 0.50. The flow formula with higher accuracy was fitted by regression analysis, which is based on stagnation-point, contraction ratio, surface width and channel slope. The maximum measuring error was 4.95% and the average error was only 0.10% when the contraction ratio was 0.63. The formula was useful for the further application of the water-measuring column with a round head in a terminal irrigation system in North China, for the reason that it was concise, practical, in line with the principle of dimensionless harmony, and can meet the flow measurement accuracy.
- flow fields,
- velocity,
- models,
- water-measuring column with round head,
- V-shaped empennage,
- numerical simulation,
- U-shaped channel

FullText(HTML)

References (28)

References

[1]	Hager W H. Modified venture channel[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 1985, 111(1): 19－35.
[2]	Hager W H. Modified trapezoidal venture channel[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 1986, 112(3): 225－241.
[3]	Hager W H. Mobile flume for circular channel[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 1988, 114(3): 520－534.
[4]	Samani Z, Magallanez H. Measuring water in trapezoidal canals[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 1993, 119(1): 181－186.
[5]	Samani Z, Magallamez H. Simple flume for flow measurement in open channel[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 2000, 126(2): 127－129.
[6]	Samani Z, Magallanez H. Simple measuring-flume in trapezoidal channel[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 1993, 119(1): 127－129.
[7]	蔡勇. 灌区新型量水槽结构形式优化及测流计算方法研究[D]. 南京：河海大学，2005.Cai Yong. Structure Optimization and Discharge Calculation Method of New Type Flume for Flow Measurement in Irrigation District[D]. Nanjing: Hohai University, 2005. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]	吉庆丰，袁晓渊，葛蕴，等. 梯形渠道圆柱形量水槽水力特性数值模拟[J]. 灌溉排水学报，2012，31(2)：59－61.Ji Qingfeng, Yuan Xiaoyuan, Ge Yun, et al. Numerical simulation research on hydraulic characteristics of cylinder measuring flume in trapezoidal channel[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2012, 31(2): 59－61. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	孙斌，吕宏兴，潘志宝. 矩形农渠机翼形量水槽水力特性数值模拟[J]. 干旱地区农业研究，2010，28(2)：155－158.Sun Bin, Lü Hongxing, Pan Zhibao. Numerical simulation of hydraulic characteristics on the airfoil-shaped measuring-flume in rectangular canal[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2010, 28(2): 155－158. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	孙斌，吕宏兴，张宽地，等. U形渠道机翼形量水槽水跃数值模拟与试验研究[J]. 实验流体力学，2013，27(1)：65－71.Sun Bin, Lü Hongxing, Zhang Kuandi, et al. Numerical simulation and experimental research of hydraulic jumps on the airfoil-shaped measuring flume in U-shaped canal[J]. Journal of Experimental in Fluid Mechanics, 2013, 27(1): 65－71. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	孙斌，吕宏兴，宋晨光，等. 基于Hicks-Henne型函数和MIGA的机翼形建筑物多目标水力优化[J]. 四川大学学报：工程科学版，2013，45(4)：13－20.Sun Bin, Lü Hongxing, Song Chenguang, et al. Multi- objective optimization of airfoil-shaped hydraulic structure based on Hicks-Henne shaped function and MIGA[J]. Journal of Sichuan University: Engineering Science Edition, 2013, 45(4): 13－20. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	刘嘉美，王文娥，胡笑涛，等. 梯形渠道圆柱形（带尾翼）量水槽试验研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报，2013，32(6)：23－26.Liu Jiamei, Wang Wen′e, Hu Xiaotao, et al. The study on trapezoidal channel with cylindrical measuring flume[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2013, 32(6): 23－26. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	刘嘉美，王文娥，胡笑涛. U形渠道圆头量水柱的数值模拟[J]. 中国农业大学学报，2014，19(1)：168－174.Liu Jiamei, Wang Wen′e, Hu Xiaotao. Numerical simulation of water-measuring pillar with round head in the U-shaped channel[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2014, 19(1): 168－174. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	蔡勇，周明耀. 灌区量水实用技术指南[M]. 北京：中国水利水电出版社，2001.
[15]	吕宏兴，裴国霞，杨玲霞. 水力学[M]. 北京：中国农业出版社，2002.
[16]	张婷. 波浪的三维数值模拟及其应用[D]. 天津：天津大学，2009.Zhang Ting. Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Waves and its Application[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2009. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	王福军. 计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M]. 北京：清华大学出版社，2004.
[18]	袁寿其，衡亚光，洪锋，等. 2种隔舌模型对离心泵性能模拟的影响[J]. 排灌机械工程学报，2013，31(7)：553－557.Yuan Shouqi, Heng Yaguang, Hong Feng, et al. Influence of two types of cut-water shapes on simulated performance of centrifugal pump[J]. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2013, 31(7): 553－557. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	张德胜，施卫东，张华，等. 不同湍流模型在轴流泵性能预测中的应用[J]. 农业工程报，2012，28(1)：66－71.Zhang Desheng, Shi Weidong, Zhang Hua, et al. Application of different turbulence models for predicting performance of axial flow pump[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2012, 28(1): 66－71. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	Zhang Mingliang. Three-dimensional simulation of meandering river based on 3-D RNGk-? turbulence model[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2008, 20(4): 448－455.
[21]	姜宗林，陈耀松. 关于RNG代数湍流模式的研究[J]. 力学学报，1995，27(1)：99－103.Jiang Zonglin, Chen Yaosong. The study on algebraic transport turbulence model based on RNG theory[J]. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 1995, 27(1): 99－103. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	Hirt C W, Nichols B D. Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 1981(39): 201－225.
[23]	张健，方杰，范波芹. VOF方法理论与应用综述[J]. 水利水电科技进展，2005，25(2)：67－70.Zhang Jian, Fang Jie, Fan Boqin. Advances in research of VOF method[J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 2005, 25(2): 67－70. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	吕宏兴，刘焕芳，朱晓群，等. 机翼形量水槽的试验研究[J]. 农业工程学报，2006，22(9)：119－123.Lü Hongxing, Liu Huanfang, Zhu Xiaoqun, et al. Experimental research on airfoil-shaped flow flume[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2006, 22(9): 119－123. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]	U形渠道量水设备试验研究课题组. U形渠道平底抛物线形量水槽的研究[J]. 陕西水利，1990(4)：16－19.
[26]	何武全，王玉宝，蔡明科. U形渠道圆柱体量水槽研究[J]. 水利学报，2006，37(5)：573－577.He Wuquan, Wang Yubao, Cai Mingke. Cylinder flow measuring flume for U-shape channel[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2006, 37(5): 573－577. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	李国佳，牟献友，李金山，等. U形渠道直壁式量水槽水力特性的研究[J]. 中国农村水利水电，2010(5)：124－127.Li Guojia, Mou Xianyou, Li Jinshan, et al. Research on the hydraulic characteristics of U-shaped channel of straight wall tanks[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2010(5): 124－127. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]	郝晶晶，马孝义，王波雷，等. 基于VOF的量水槽流场数值模拟[J]. 灌溉排水学报，2008，27(2)：26－29.Hao Jingjing, Ma Xiaoyi, Wang Bolei, et al. Numerical simulation of flow field in flow-measuring flume based on VOF method[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2008, 27(2): 26－29. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[1]	WANG Yubao, ZHOU Renyu, ZHANG Chenhao, LI Xin. Hydraulic performance characteristics and structure optimization method for the diffusion section of streamlined mobile flumes in U-shaped channels[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2024, 40(11): 128-138. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202311144
[2]	YU Wan, HAN Yu, WANG Gang, SU Huashan, HU Tao, SU Liangbin, DONG Peiqin. Analysis of the heat dissipation performance of U-shaped flat plate micro-heat pipe LED radiator[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2024, 40(9): 227-235. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202312031
[3]	Tang Shaorong, Wang Hongyu, Pan Xin, Gu Xingwen, Ren Guofeng. Frost heave performance of U-shaped canal concrete lining based on centrifuge model test[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2019, 35(1): 157-163. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.019
[4]	Tang Shaorong, Wang Hongyu. Mechanical model of small U-shaped concrete lining canal with three arc-plates under frost heaving[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2016, 32(11): 159-166. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.11.023
[5]	Zhang Xinyan, Lü Hongxing, Zhu Delan. Direct calculation formula for normal depth of U-shaped channel[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2013, 29(14): 115-119. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.015
[6]	Zhang Yaozhe, Wang Yalin, Wang Wen′e. Effects of sediment concentration on lateral distribution of water velocity in U-channel[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2012, 28(12): 134-139.
[7]	Li Xuejun, Fei Liangjun, Li Gaiqin. Model of coupled heat-fluid transport of U-shape canal lining with concrete during seasonal freezing and thawing stage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2008, 24(1): 13-17.
[8]	Lü Hongxing, Liu Huanfang, Zhu Xiaoqun, Pan Zhibao. Experimental research on airfoil-shaped flow flume[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2006, 22(9): 119-123.
[9]	Ma Xiaoyi, Wang Wen′e, Lü Hongxing, Yu Guofeng, Xu Qiuning. Analysis of U-Shaped Channel Flow Measurement Flume Properties and Selection[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2002, 18(4): 44-49.
[10]	Zhu Fengshu, Ma Xiaoyi, Zhu Xiaoqun, Liu Haijun. Mobile Parabolic Thin-Plate Weir for U-Shape Channel Flow Measurement[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2002, 18(3): 36-40.