• EI
    • CSA
    • CABI
    • 卓越期刊
    • CA
    • Scopus
    • CSCD
    • 核心期刊
Guo Xiuming, Zhao Chunjiang, Yang Xinting, Li Ming, Sun Chuanheng, Qu Lihua, Wang Yan'an. Propagation characteristics of 2.4 GHz wireless channel at different heights in apple orchard[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2012, 28(12): 195-200.
Citation: Guo Xiuming, Zhao Chunjiang, Yang Xinting, Li Ming, Sun Chuanheng, Qu Lihua, Wang Yan'an. Propagation characteristics of 2.4 GHz wireless channel at different heights in apple orchard[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2012, 28(12): 195-200.

Propagation characteristics of 2.4 GHz wireless channel at different heights in apple orchard

More Information
  • Received Date: November 06, 2011
  • Revised Date: May 15, 2012
  • Published Date: June 14, 2012
  • For configuring WSN system and node deployment in apple orchards, the paper focused on signal strength attenuation and packet loss rate of 2.4 GHz wireless channel in different heights in apple orchard when the apples were mature. The field test was conducted along a line of apple trees with the height from 0.5 meters at the trunk level to the top of canopy about 3 meters high. At each height, receiving signal strength and packet loss rate were tested for ten different distances. Regression analysis results showed that 2.4 GHz wireless channel loss accords with logarithm distance path loss model, and the correlation coefficients between computational values and measurement values were between 0.915 and 0.983. When the height was between 1 and 2.25 meters, the signal attenuation rate was larger than the other heights. When the height was higher than 2.25 meters, the signal attenuation rate became slower with the increase of height until 3 meters when the signal attenuation rate was the smallest. So in apple orchard, it's best to place the antennas at the top of the canopy or above of it, followed at higher place above 2.25 meters. Besides, a model used for calculating the received signal strength of 2.4 GHz transmitting through mature apple orchard was constructed. Validation results show that the model can better predict the received signal strength at different distance point at different height. This research can provide a reference for WSNs application.
  • [1]
    李洪文,高焕文,陈君达. 固定道保护性耕作的试验研究[J]. 农业工程学报,2000,16(4):73-77.Li Hongwen, Gao Huanwen, Chen Junda, et al. Study on controlled traffic with conservative tillage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2000, 16(4), 73-77. (in Chinese with English abstract)
    [2]
    Mo Li, Baijian Yang. A survey on topology control in wireless sensor networks[C]// 10th International Conference on Control Automation, Robotics and Vision(ICARCV 2008). Hanoi.Dec.2008: 251-255.
    [3]
    López Riquelmea J A, Sotoa F, Suardíaza J, et al. Wireless sensor networks for precision horticulture in southern spain[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2009, 68(1): 25-35.
    [4]
    乔晓军,张馨,王成,等. 无线传感器网络在农业汇总的应用[J]. 农业工程学报,2005,21(增刊2):232-234.Qiao Xiaojun, Zhang Xin, Wang Cheng, et al. Application of the wirelss sensor network in agriculture[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2005, 21(suppl.2): 232-234. (in Chinese with English abstract)
    [5]
    Pierce F J, Elliott T V. Regional and on-farm wireless sensor networks for agricultural systems in Eastern Washington[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2008, 61(1): 32-43.
    [6]
    Sun Daozong, Jiang Sheng, Wang Weixing, et al. WSN design and implementation in a tea plantation for drought monitoring[C]// 2010 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery, 2010: 156-159.
    [7]
    Azlan Awang, Muhamad Haidar Suhaimi. RIMBAMON(c): A forest monitoring system using wireless sensor networks[C]// 2007 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems, 2007: 1101-1106.
    [8]
    Nadimi E S, Sgaard H T, Bak T, et al. ZigBee-based wireless sensor networks for monitoring animal presence and pasture time in a strip of new grass[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2008, 61(2): 79-87.
    [9]
    Antonio-Javier Garcia-Sanchez, Felipe Garcia-Sanchez, Joan Garcia-Haro. Wireless sensor network deployment for integrating video-surveillance and data-monitoring in precision agriculture over distributed crops[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2011, 75(2): 288-303.
    [10]
    张在琛,余旭涛,毕光国. 无线传感器网络的研究与实现[J]. 中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(5):128-134.Zhang Zaichen, Yu Xutao, Bi Guangguo. Research and Realization of Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. Journal of CUMT Mining Science and Technology, 2007, 36(5): 128-134. (in Chinese with English abstract)
    [11]
    谢益溪. 无线电波传播[M]. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2008.
    [12]
    彭怀云,樊文生,潘威炎,等. 沿不规则不均匀地面传播的侧面波[J]. 电波科学学报,2006,21(4):497-502.Peng Huaiyun, Pan Wensheng, Pan Weiyan, et al. Lateral wave propagating along irregular and nonuniform ground[J]. Chinese Journal of Radio Science, 2006, 21(4): 497-502. (in Chinese with English abstract)
    [13]
    Yu Song Meng, Yee Hui Lee, Boon Chong Ng. Investigation of rainfall effect on forested radio wave propagation[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2008, 7: 159-162.
    [14]
    Mandeep J S, Wen Hui Ooi, Abdullah M, et al. Modified ITU-R rain attenuation model for equatorial climate[C]// Penang, Malaysia:Proceeding of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace), 2011: 89-92.
    [15]
    Mohammed S. Al-Basheir, Raed M.Shubair, Sami M.Sharif. Measurements and analysis for signal attenuation through date palm trees at 2.1 GHz frequency[J]. Sudan Engineering Society Journal, 2004, 52(45): 17-22.
    [16]
    李偲钰,高红菊,姜建钊. 小麦田中天线高度对2.4GHz无线信道传播特性的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2009,25(增刊2):184-189.Li Siyu, Gao Hongju, Jiang Jianzhao. Impact of antenna height on propagation characteristics of 2.4 GHz wireless channel in wheat fields[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2009, 25(Suppl.2): 184-189. (in Chinese with English abstract)
    [17]
    文韬,洪添胜,李震,等. 橘园无线传感器网络不同节点部署方式下的射频信号传播试验[J]. 农业工程学报,2010,26(6):211-215.Wen Tao, Hong Tiansheng, Li Zhen, et al. Test of wireless sensor network radio frequency signal propagation based on different node deployments in citrus orchards[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2010, 26(6): 211-215. (in Chinese with English abstract)
    [18]
    Pedro Andrade-Sanchez, Francis J. Pierce, Todd V. Performance assessment of wireless sensor networks in agricultural settings[C]// 2007 ASABE Annual International Meeting, 2007: 1-10.
    [19]
    Jürgen Richter, Rafael F. S. Caldeirinha, Miqdad O. Al-Nuaimi1 Andy Seville, et al. A generic narrowband model for radio wave propagation through vegetation[C]// Vehicular Technology Conference, 2005: 39-43.
    [20]
    Yu Song Meng, Yee Hui Lee, Boon Chong Ng. Empirical near ground path loss modeling in a forest at VHF and UHF bands[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2009, 57(5): 1461-1468.
    [21]
    Rogers N C, Seville A, Richter J, et al. A generic model of 1-60 GHz radio propagation through vegetation[R]. Radio communications Agency, May 2002.
    [22]
    Tapan K. Sarkar, Zhong JI, Kyungjung Kim. A survey of various propagation models for mobile communication[J].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2003, 45(3): 51-82.
    [23]
    张肇仪,周乐柱,吴德明,等译. 微波工程[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
    [24]
    Joaquim A. R. Azevedo, Filipe E. S. Santos. An empirical propagation model for forest environments at tree trunk level[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2011, 56(6): 2357-2367.
    [25]
    Parsons J D. The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel[M]. Chichester, U.K: Wiley, 1996.
  • Related Articles

    [1]Yang Liu, Mu Haomiao, Deng Junwen, Song Yuyao, Liu Wu. Anti-collision and anti-tipping pre-alarm system of orchard picker based on ZigBee wireless transmission[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2014, 30(21): 25-31. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.21.004
    [2]Guo Congcong, Han Wenting, Wang Yi. Loss research on wireless sensor network signal transmission in persimmon orchard[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2014, 30(15): 214-221. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.15.028
    [3]Yue Xuejun, Liu Yongxin, Hong Tiansheng, Xu Xing, Wang Yefu, Yan Yingwei, Quan Dongping. Design and test of wireless drip irrigation control in orchard with low-power[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2014, 30(9): 102-109. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.013
    [4]Li Xiaomin, Zang Ying, Luo Xiwen, Li Teng, Liu Yongxin, Kong Qingjun. Experiment of propagation characteristics based on 433MHz channel of WSN in orchid greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2013, 29(13): 182-189. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.13.024
    [5]Jiang Sheng, Wang Weixing, Sun Daozong, Li Zhen. Design of energy self-sufficient wireless sensor network node for orchard information acquisition[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2012, 28(9): 153-158.
    [6]Li Zhen, Hong Tiansheng, Ning Wang, Hong Ya, Wen Tao, Li Jianian. Path-loss prediction for radio frequency signal of wireless sensor network in field based on artificial neural network[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2010, 26(12): 178-181.
    [7]Test of wireless sensor network radio frequency signal propagation based on different node deployments in citrus orchards[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2010, 26(6): 211-215.
    [8]Design of acoustic signal acquisition system of stored grain pests based on wireless sensor networks[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2010, 26(6): 181-187.
    [9]Li Siyu, Gao Hongju, Jiang Jianzhao. Impact of antenna height on propagation characteristics of 2.4 GHz wireless channel in wheat fields[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2009, 25(13): 184-189.
    [10]Wu Huarui, Zhao Chunjiang, Zhang Haihui. Cluster head cycle-switching schemes for farmland wireless sensor networks[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2009, 25(13): 170-174.

Catalog

    Article views (2683) PDF downloads (1004) Cited by()
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return